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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Part of Type 2 Diabetes

84 published articles · Updated continuously

Clinical Trial Landscape

Clinical Trials for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

1160 trials tracked for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: 618 in phase 3 or 4 and 215 with published results. The most-cited published study has 15309 citations.

1,160Trials tracked
618Phase 3 & 4
0Recruiting
215With published results
Phase distribution
Phase 4 189 Phase 3 429 Phase 2 167 Phase 1 125 Other / NA 250
  1. Phase 3 Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Saxagliptin Added to Insulin Monotherapy or to Insulin Combined With Metformin in Chinese Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Who Have Inadequate Glycaemic Control Completed · 15,309 cited
  2. Phase 3 Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes: Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcome Results Completed · 7,588 cited
  3. Phase 3 Trial to Evaluate Cardiovascular and Other Long-term Outcomes With Semaglutide in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 6,872 cited
  4. Phase 3 Sitagliptin Cardiovascular Outcomes Study (MK-0431-082) Completed · 2,621 cited
  5. Phase 3 A Trial Investigating the Cardiovascular Safety of Oral Semaglutide in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 1,986 cited
  6. Phase 3 A Study of Tirzepatide (LY3298176) in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Not Controlled With Diet and Exercise Alone Completed · 1,054 cited
Show 44 more trials
  1. Phase 4 University of Texas H.S.C. San Antonio Pioglitazone in Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis Trial (UTHSCSA NASH Trial) Completed · 1,022 cited
  2. Phase 3 Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide Versus Dulaglutide as add-on to Metformin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes. Completed · 790 cited
  3. Phase 3 Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide Once-weekly Versus Placebo in Drug-naïve Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 742 cited
  4. Phase 3 Glycemic Efficacy and Renal Safety Study of Dapagliflozin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Moderate Renal Impairment Completed · 651 cited
  5. Phase 3 Efficacy and Safety of Oral Semaglutide Versus Liraglutide and Versus Placebo in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Completed · 602 cited
  6. Phase 3 Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide Once-weekly Versus Exenatide ER 2.0 mg Once-weekly as add-on to 1-2 Oral Antidiabetic Drugs (OADs) in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 592 cited
  7. Phase 3 A Trial Comparing Cardiovascular Safety of Insulin Degludec Versus Insulin Glargine in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes at High Risk of Cardiovascular Events Completed · 574 cited
  8. Phase 3 Efficacy and Safety of Oral Semaglutide Versus Placebo in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated With Diet and Exercise Only Completed · 492 cited
  9. Phase 3 Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide Once-weekly Versus Sitagliptin Once-daily as add-on to Metformin and/or TZD in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 491 cited
  10. Phase 3 Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide Once Weekly Versus Insulin Glargine Once Daily as add-on to Metformin With or Without Sulphonylurea in Insulin-naïve Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 464 cited
  11. Phase 3 Efficacy and Safety of Oral Semaglutide Versus Empagliflozin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Completed · 461 cited
  12. Phase 3 Efficacy and Long-term Safety of Oral Semaglutide Versus Sitagliptin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 419 cited
  13. Phase 3 Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide Once-weekly Versus Placebo as add-on to Basal Insulin Alone or Basal Insulin in Combination With Metformin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 411 cited
  14. Phase 3 Research Study Comparing a New Medicine Semaglutide to Liraglutide in People With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 410 cited
  15. Phase 3 A Heart Disease Study of Semaglutide in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 407 cited
  16. Phase 3 Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide Once-weekly Versus Placebo as add-on to SGLT-2i in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Completed · 375 cited
  17. Phase 3 A Study Comparing Cardiovascular Effects of Ticagrelor Versus Placebo in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Completed · 369 cited
  18. Phase 3 Dual Action of Liraglutide and Insulin Degludec in Type 2 Diabetes: A Trial Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide, Insulin Degludec and Liraglutide in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 367 cited
  19. Phase 4 VERIFY:A Study to Compare Combination Regimen With Vildagliptin & Metformin Versus Metformin in Treatment-naïve Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Completed · 362 cited
  20. Phase 3 Efficacy and Safety of Liraglutide in Combination With Metformin Compared to Metformin Alone, in Children and Adolescents With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 358 cited
  21. Phase 3 Efficacy and Safety of Oral Semaglutide Versus Placebo in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes and Moderate Renal Impairment Completed · 349 cited
  22. Phase 3 A Study of Tirzepatide (LY3298176) Once a Week Versus Insulin Glargine Once a Day in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes and Increased Cardiovascular Risk Completed · 341 cited
  23. Phase 3 Efficacy and Safety of Oral Semaglutide Versus Placebo in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated With Insulin Completed · 299 cited
  24. Phase 3 Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide Versus Canagliflozin as add-on to Metformin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 298 cited
  25. Phase 3 GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Lixisenatide in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes for Glycemic Control and Safety Evaluation, on Top of Basal Insulin Completed · 289 cited
  26. Phase 3 Efficacy and Safety of Oral Semaglutide Using a Flexible Dose Adjustment Based on Clinical Evaluation Versus Sitagliptin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Completed · 285 cited
  27. Phase 3 A Study of Dulaglutide (LY2189265) in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Completed · 267 cited
  28. Phase 3 A Trial Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide and Insulin Degludec in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 256 cited
  29. Phase 4 Holding vs. Continuing Incretin-based Therapies Before Upper Endoscopy Completed · 255 cited
  30. Phase 3 GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Lixisenatide in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes for Glycemic Control and Safety Evaluation, on Top of Basal Insulin +/- Sulfonylurea (GETGOAL-L-ASIA) Completed · 255 cited
  31. Phase 3 24-week Treatment With Lixisenatide in Type 2 Diabetes Insufficiently Controlled With Metformin and Insulin Glargine Completed · 253 cited
  32. Phase 4 Effects of Dapagliflozin 10 mg on Insulin Resistance in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Completed · 252 cited
  33. Phase 3 GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Lixisenatide Versus Exenatide in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes for Glycemic Control and Safety Evaluation, on Top of Metformin Completed · 252 cited
  34. Phase 4 SGLT2 Inhibition in Combination With Diuretics in Heart Failure Completed · 244 cited
  35. Phase 3 Dose-response, Safety and Efficacy of Oral Semaglutide Versus Placebo and Versus Liraglutide, All as Monotherapy in Japanese Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 226 cited
  36. Phase 3 A Trial Comparing the Safety and Efficacy of Insulin Degludec and Insulin Glargine, With or Without OADs in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 222 cited
  37. Phase 3 A Trial Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide Versus Insulin Glargine in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Completed · 220 cited
  38. Phase 3 GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Lixisenatide in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes for Glycemic Control and Safety Evaluation in Monotherapy Completed · 218 cited
  39. Phase 3 Safety and Efficacy of Oral Semaglutide Versus Dulaglutide Both in Combination With One OAD (Oral Antidiabetic Drug) in Japanese Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 210 cited
  40. Phase 3 A Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Dulaglutide (LY2189265) in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 198 cited
  41. Phase 4 Efficacy and Safety of Toujeo® Versus Tresiba® in Insulin-Naive Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Inadequately Controlled With Oral Antihyperglycemic Drug(s) ± GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Completed · 197 cited
  42. Phase 3 A Study to Evaluate the Effect of Dapagliflozin on Blood Glucose Level and Renal Safety in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 193 cited
  43. Phase 3 A Clinical Trial Comparing Efficacy and Safety of Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide (IDegLira) Versus Basal-bolus Therapy in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Completed · 192 cited
  44. Phase 3 A Research Study to Compare Two Doses of Semaglutide Taken Once Weekly in People With Type 2 Diabetes Completed · 187 cited

Showing the 50 most-cited and recently-updated of 1,160 trials. Browse the full registry →

Trial data sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. Counts describe the research landscape and are not a treatment recommendation. Informational only — not medical advice.

What the trials found Updated — new results For clinicians

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: what the trials found

Semaglutide treatment was associated with significant reductions in body weight (ranging from -4.0% to -13.5%; p<0.0001) and a high proportion of participants achieving at least a 5% reduction in body weight (p<0.0001) 2. In addition, Semaglutide was associated with improvements in treatment satisfaction scores (DTSQc) and significant reductions in daily insulin doses for some patients 6.

Semaglutide did not show statistically significant changes in kidney oxygenation (Cortex or Medulla) or global kidney perfusion 3. Insulin Icodec was associated with a significant reduction in HbA1c (-1.23; p<0.0001) and recorded 13 instances of clinically significant hypoglycemia 5.

Testosterone gel was associated with measurable changes in bone strength as determined by Finite Element Analysis (p<0.05) 1.

Recent results — preliminary, needs further review

  • NNC0480-0389 was associated with significant reductions in HbA1c (-1.1 to -2.3; p<0.0001), body weight (-4.3% to -13%; p<0.0001), and stable total cholesterol levels 8.
  • Dietary interventions were associated with significant improvements in glycemic control as measured by blood sugar values (p<0.001) 12, while the DASH4D diet was associated with significant changes in systolic blood pressure (p<0.001) 13.
  • The FUSION closed-loop glucose control system showed 97.25% of glucose values within the target range of 70-180 mg/dL 17.
  • An initial insulin dosing calculator was associated with a significant reduction in clinical hyperglycemia (p=0.0005) 16.

For the clinician treating this condition

  • Semaglutide demonstrates consistent efficacy in weight reduction and improving patient treatment satisfaction while reducing insulin requirements.
  • Insulin Icodec is associated with significant HbA1c reduction, though clinical monitoring for hypoglycemia is noted.
  • NNC0480-0389 shows promise for concurrent management of HbA1c and body weight.
  • Non-pharmacological interventions including specific diets (DASH4D) and technology-based systems show measurable impacts on blood pressure and glycemic range maintenance.

AI synthesis of 10 cited trials, updated Jun 19, 2026. Informational only — not medical advice; trial data sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. How we use AI.

HCP Mode — summaries include clinical detail, trial data, and statistical outcomes.
Patient Mode — summaries use plain language, avoiding clinical jargon.

Research across Type 2 Diabetes

Related studies from across the Type 2 Diabetes family.

Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 25 trait-loci associations for cardiometabolic phenotypes in Native Hawaiian and Samoan populations
Diabetes & Endocrinology Meta-analysis
Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 25 trait-loci associations for cardiometabolic phenotypes in Native Hawaiian and Samoan populations Native Hawaiian and Samoan DNA study finds new genetic links to diabetes risk
This meta-analysis of a genome-wide association study identifies 25 trait-loci associations for 13 adiposity and cardiometabolic traits in a…
A DNA study of 8,461 Native Hawaiians and Samoans found 25 genetic links to traits like blood sugar and body fat, including 5 that may be ne…
Adipo-B correlates with beta-cell indices in treatment-naive patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Diabetes & Endocrinology RCT
Adipo-B correlates with beta-cell indices in treatment-naive patients with Type 2 Diabetes New marker may help track insulin production in Type 2 Diabetes
This prospective, non-randomized observational study of 253 treatment-naive patients with Type 2 Diabetes found that adipo-B levels correlat…
A new protein marker could offer a simple way for doctors to track how well the body produces insulin in people with Type 2 Diabetes.
Unhealthy food environments and ultra-processed foods contribute to obesity and related cardiometabolic diseases
Nutrition & Obesity Medicine Sys. Review
Unhealthy food environments and ultra-processed foods contribute to obesity and related cardiometabolic diseases Food Environments Linked to Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes
This narrative review examines how food environment factors like accessibility and affordability influence the consumption of ultra-processe…
Unhealthy food environments and ultra-processed foods are linked to serious conditions like insulin resistance, heart disease, and chronic k…
Retatrutide Shifts Fatty Acid Oxidation and Insulin Resistance Metabolites in Obesity Trials
Diabetes & Endocrinology RCT
Retatrutide Shifts Fatty Acid Oxidation and Insulin Resistance Metabolites in Obesity Trials New drug retatrutide shows promise for weight loss and diabetes
In phase 2 trials, retatrutide altered two metabolite clusters tied to fatty acid oxidation and insulin resistance, with ketone and acylcarn…
A new medication called retatrutide may help manage weight and insulin resistance by changing specific markers in the blood for people with …
Faecal microbiota transplantation did not significantly reduce HOMA-IR in patients with metabolic disorders
Diabetes & Endocrinology Meta-analysis
Faecal microbiota transplantation did not significantly reduce HOMA-IR in patients with metabolic disorders Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Shows Limited Benefit for Insulin Resistance
This meta-analysis of 6 trials involving 120 participants found that faecal microbiota transplantation did not significantly reduce HOMA-IR …
A review of clinical trials suggests that fecal microbiota transplantation may not significantly improve insulin resistance in people with t…
Cryptococcal meningitis with sequential cerebral infarctions and autonomic dysfunction in a non-HIV man with type 2 diabetes
Urology Sys. Review
Cryptococcal meningitis with sequential cerebral infarctions and autonomic dysfunction in a non-HIV man with type 2 diabetes Antifungal treatment helps man with diabetes and brain infection
This case report and focused literature review describes a 66-year-old non-HIV man with type 2 diabetes who developed cryptococcal meningiti…
A man with type 2 diabetes and a brain infection showed significant improvement after receiving a specific combination of antifungal medicat…
SGLT-2is and GLP-1RAs significantly reduce heart failure related composite endpoints in type 2 diabetes
Diabetes & Endocrinology Meta-analysis
SGLT-2is and GLP-1RAs significantly reduce heart failure related composite endpoints in type 2 diabetes SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1RAs both improve heart failure outcomes
This network meta-analysis of 13,886 patients with type 2 diabetes and heart failure found that both SGLT-2is and GLP-1RAs significantly red…
New data shows both SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1RAs effectively reduce heart failure risks for people with type 2 diabetes.
Multiple biomarkers show potential associations with kidney function decline in patients with type 2 diabetes
Diabetes & Endocrinology Meta-analysis
Multiple biomarkers show potential associations with kidney function decline in patients with type 2 diabetes Specific Biomarkers May Signal Kidney Decline in Type 2 Diabetes
This systematic review and meta-analysis of 4,569 patients evaluated several biomarkers for detecting kidney function decline in type 2 diab…
New research identifies several biomarkers that may help detect early signs of kidney function decline in people with type 2 diabetes.
Structured exercise reduces triglycerides and LDL-C in adults with type 2 diabetes
Diabetes & Endocrinology Meta-analysis
Structured exercise reduces triglycerides and LDL-C in adults with type 2 diabetes Structured Exercise Helps Lower Cholesterol in Type 2 Diabetes
This systematic review and network meta-analysis of 68 trials involving 5,317 participants found that structured exercise, particularly HIIT…
Structured exercise programs, including high-intensity intervals, show promise in lowering triglycerides and LDL cholesterol for people with…
GLP-1 RAs and dual incretin agonists cause delayed gastric emptying and lean mass loss in patients
Diabetes & Endocrinology Sys. Review
GLP-1 RAs and dual incretin agonists cause delayed gastric emptying and lean mass loss in patients New guidelines for patients using weight loss drugs before surgery
This mini-review examines the impact of GLP-1 RAs and dual incretin agonists on patients undergoing aesthetic surgery. The review highlights…
Patients using weight loss drugs like GLP-1 RAs may face specific risks like delayed stomach emptying before undergoing aesthetic surgery.
Structured educational and behavioral interventions reduce fear of hypoglycemia in adults with type 2 diabetes
Diabetes & Endocrinology Meta-analysis
Structured educational and behavioral interventions reduce fear of hypoglycemia in adults with type 2 diabetes Education and Behavior Programs May Reduce Fear of Low Blood Sugar
This meta-analysis of 1096 adults with type 2 diabetes found that structured educational and behavioral interventions significantly reduced …
Structured educational and behavioral programs may help adults with type 2 diabetes feel less anxious about the risk of low blood sugar leve…
One anastomosis gastric bypass provides durable weight loss and metabolic improvements over 15 years
Nutrition & Obesity Medicine Meta-analysis
One anastomosis gastric bypass provides durable weight loss and metabolic improvements over 15 years Gastric Bypass Shows Durable Weight Loss and Health Improvements
This meta-analysis of 1729 patients evaluates the long-term outcomes of one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB). The analysis indicates durabl…
Gastric bypass surgery can lead to lasting weight loss and improved conditions like diabetes and high blood pressure over 15 years.

Questions about Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Does a higher nutritional risk index lower osteoporosis risk in women with Type 2 Diabetes?

Yes, a higher Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) is linked to lower osteoporosis risk in women with type 2 diabetes, based on multiple studies.

Full answer →
Which glucose-lowering therapies work best for heart failure and Type 2 Diabetes?

SGLT-2 inhibitors (like empagliflozin, dapagliflozin) are the most effective glucose-lowering therapies for heart failure in type 2 diabetes, reducing hospitalizations and cardiovascular death.

Full answer →