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Home › Conditions › Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Subtypes of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration 11 Cystoid Macular Edema 1 Geographic Atrophy 1 Irvine-Gass Syndrome 1 Macular edema 1

24 published articles · Updated continuously

Clinical Trial Landscape

Clinical Trials for Age-Related Macular Degeneration

79 trials tracked for Age-Related Macular Degeneration: 23 in phase 3 or 4 and 11 with published results. The most-cited published study has 842 citations.

79Trials tracked
23Phase 3 & 4
0Recruiting
11With published results
Phase distribution
Phase 4 10 Phase 3 13 Phase 2 34 Phase 1 6 Other / NA 16
  1. Phase 4 Efficacy and Safety of Lucentis® (Ranibizumab Intravitreal Injections) in Chilean Patients With Diabetic Macular Edema. Completed · 842 cited
  2. Phase 4 Visual Outcome in Patients With Symptomatic Macular Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy (PCV) Treated With Either Ranibizumab as Monotherapy or Combined With Verteporfin Photodynamic Therapy (vPDT) Completed · 294 cited
  3. Phase 4 A Comparison of Ranibizumab and Aflibercept for the Development of Geographic Atrophy in (Wet) AMD Patients Completed · 137 cited
  4. Phase 3 Randomized Study for Efficacy and Safety of Ranibizumab 0.5mg in Treat-extend and Monthly Regimens in Patients With nAMD Completed · 137 cited
  5. Phase 4 Study for Recalcitrant Age Related Macular Degeneration Completed · 86 cited
  6. Phase 3 A Study to Compare SB11 (Proposed Ranibizumab Biosimilar) to Lucentis in Subjects With Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) Completed · 81 cited
Show 44 more trials
  1. Phase 3 Phase 2/3 Study of ALK-001 in Geographic Atrophy Completed · 47 cited
  2. Phase 4 Study EvAluating Genotypes While Using Lucentis 2 Completed · 38 cited
  3. Phase 4 An Open Label-study to Compare the Efficacy of Aflibercept Monotherapy for Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy Completed · 19 cited
  4. Phase 4 Efficacy and Safety of Two Different Brolucizumab 6 mg Dosing Regimens in Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration Completed · 12 cited
  5. Phase 3 Study to Collect Safety and ECG Data on Brolucizumab 6 mg Intravitreal Treatment in Patients With Wet AMD Completed · 4 cited
  6. Phase 4 Head to Head Study of Anti-VEGF Treatment. Completed
  7. Phase 4 Extension Study to Gather Data on Effect of Macugen on the Corneal Endothelium Completed
  8. Phase 4 Comparison of Safety, Effectiveness and Quality of Life Outcomes Between Labeled Versus "Treat and Extend" Regimen in Turkish Patients With Choroidal Neovascularisation Due to Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) Completed
  9. Phase 3 Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Brolucizumab 6mg Compared to Aflibercept 2 mg in a Treat-to-control Regimen (TALON) Completed
  10. Phase 3 Avacincaptad Pegol Open-Label Extension for Patients With Geographic Atrophy Completed
  11. Phase 3 A Study of Ranibizumab Administered Monthly or on an As-needed Basis in Patients With Subfoveal Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration (HARBOR) Completed
  12. Phase 3 Comparison of Age-related Macular Degeneration Treatments Trials: Lucentis-Avastin Trial Completed
  13. Phase 3 Efficacy and Safety of Ranibizumab in Patients With Subfoveal Choroidal Neovascularization (CNV) Secondary to Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) Completed
  14. Phase 3 Low Vision Depression Prevention Trial for Age Related Macular Degeneration Completed
  15. Phase 3 Improving Function in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Completed
  16. Phase 3 Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2) Completed
  17. Phase 3 SUSTAIN - Study of Ranibizumab in Patients With Subfoveal Choroidal Neovascularization Secondary to Age-Related Macular Degeneration Completed
  18. Phase 2 Intravitreal LFG316 in Patients With Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) Completed
  19. Phase 2 ReCLAIM-2 Study to Evaluate Safety,Efficacy & Pharmacokinetics of Elamipretide in Subjects With AMD With Non-central GA Completed
  20. Phase 2 INTREPID - IRay Plus Anti-VEGF Treatment For Patients With Wet AMD Completed
  21. Phase 2 20089 TA+Lucentis Combo Intravitreal Injections for Treatment of Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) Completed
  22. Phase 2 Infliximab, Sirolimus and Daclizumab to Treat Age-Related Macular Degeneration Completed
  23. Phase 2 Safety and Exploratory Efficacy Study of SF0166 in the Treatment of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) Completed
  24. Phase 2 Complement Inhibition With Eculizumab for the Treatment of Non-Exudative Macular Degeneration (AMD) Completed
  25. Phase 2 Alpha Lipoic Acid in Geographic Atrophy Completed
  26. Phase 2 Retinal and Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) Autoimmunity in Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) Completed
  27. Phase 2 Pilot Study of the Evaluation of Subconjunctival Sirolimus in the Treatment of Bilateral GA Associated With AMD Completed
  28. Phase 2 A Phase I/II Safety, Tolerability, Immunogenicity, and Bioactivity Study of DE-122 Injectable Solution for Refractory Exudative Age-related Macular Degeneration Completed
  29. Phase 2 Metformin for the Minimization of Geographic Atrophy Progression in Patients With AMD Completed
  30. Phase 2 Study Evaluating Intravitreal hI-con1™ in Patients With Choroidal Neovascularization Secondary to Age-related Macular Degeneration Completed
  31. Phase 2 OT-551 Antioxidant Eye Drops to Treat Geographic Atrophy in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Completed
  32. Phase 2 IAI Versus Sham as Prophylaxis Against Conversion to Neovascular AMD Completed
  33. Phase 2 Evaluation of Oral Minocycline in the Treatment of Geographic Atrophy Associated With Age-Related Macular Degeneration Completed
  34. Phase 2 Dose Ranging Study of Carbidopa-levodopa Completed
  35. Phase 2 RBM-007 in Subjects witH ExudatIve Age-related Macular Degeneration Completed
  36. Phase 2 A Pilot Study to Evaluate the Role of High-dose Ranibizumab (2.0mg) in the Management of AMD in Patients With Persistent/Recurrent Macular Fluid Less Than 30 Days Following Treatment With Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Therapy (the LAST Study) Completed
  37. Phase 2 Systemic Pharmacokinetics Following Intravitreal Injections of Anti-VEGF Completed
  38. Phase 2 Ranibizumab In Pigment Epithelium Tears Secondary To Age-Related Macular Degeneration Study Completed
  39. Phase 2 Study to Evaluate Faricimab (RO6867461; RG7716) for Extended Durability in the Treatment of Neovascular Age Related Macular Degeneration Completed
  40. Phase 2 The Moran AMD Genetic Testing Assessment Study Completed
  41. Phase 2 The MAP Study: Fluocinolone Acetonide (FA)/Medidur (TM) for Age Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) Pilot Completed
  42. Phase 2 Study Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Intravitreal Injections of DE-122 in Combination With Lucentis® Compared to Lucentis® Monotherapy in Wet Age-related Macular Degeneration Subjects Completed
  43. Phase 2 Sirolimus for Advanced Age-Related Macular Degeneration Completed
  44. Phase 2 Bevacizumab in Combination With Visudyne Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) Completed

Showing the 50 most-cited and recently-updated of 79 trials. Browse the full registry →

Trial data sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. Counts describe the research landscape and are not a treatment recommendation. Informational only — not medical advice.

What the trials found Updated — new results For clinicians

Age-Related Macular Degeneration: what the trials found

Several trials evaluated ranibizumab for retinal conditions, demonstrating significant improvements in Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) at 12 months 12. In a large study of patients with choroidal neovascularization (CNV), ranibizumab was associated with a significant percentage of patients gaining $\geq$ 15 letters in BCVA by month 12 20. Other studies confirmed consistent improvements in visual acuity scores following ranibizumab treatment, though some trials showed no statistically significant difference between specific dosing regimens [11, 21].

Brolucizumab demonstrated significant improvements in BCVA at weeks 28 and 32 16, while also showing a reduction in central subfield thickness over 52 weeks 8. Aflibercept was evaluated in both standard and 'Treat and Extend' regimens 7, with one study reporting that no patients receiving aflibercept lost more than 15 letters of visual acuity 5.

Nutritional supplementation with Lutein/zeaxanthin and DHA/EPA was shown to significantly impact the progression of advanced AMD in high-risk individuals, specifically regarding the development of advanced disease and progression to moderate vision loss 19.

Other interventions included pegaptanib sodium 9, a proposed ranibizumab biosimilar (SB11) 13, and an oral capsule (ALK-001) 14.

Recent results — preliminary, needs further review

  • A new trial involving avacincaptad pegol is currently in Phase 3 1.

For the clinician treating this condition

  • Ranibizumab is established as an effective treatment for improving BCVA and reducing retinal thickness in various ocular conditions [12, 20, 22].
  • Brolucizumab has demonstrated significant efficacy in improving visual acuity and reducing subfield thickness [8, 16].
  • Nutritional supplementation (Lutein/zeaxanthin and DHA/EPA) is shown to reduce the risk of progression to advanced AMD and moderate vision loss in high-risk patients 19.

AI synthesis of 11 cited trials, updated Jun 25, 2026. Informational only — not medical advice; trial data sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. How we use AI.

HCP Mode — summaries include clinical detail, trial data, and statistical outcomes.
Patient Mode — summaries use plain language, avoiding clinical jargon.
CFH Y402H and ARMS2 A69S polymorphisms are associated with increased risk of age-related macular degeneration
Ophthalmology Meta-analysis
CFH Y402H and ARMS2 A69S polymorphisms are associated with increased risk of age-related macular degeneration Specific genes linked to higher risk of age related macular degeneration
This meta-analysis evaluates the association between specific genetic polymorphisms and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) risk. The ana…
New research identifies two specific genetic variations that significantly increase the risk of developing age-related macular degeneration.
Jul 8, 2026
Aflibercept 8 mg at extended intervals yields comparable outcomes to 2 mg regardless of severity
Ophthalmology RCT
Aflibercept 8 mg at extended intervals yields comparable outcomes to 2 mg regardless of severity Higher doses of aflibercept show similar results for macular degeneration
This post hoc descriptive subgroup analysis of a randomized controlled trial involving 869 treatment-naže patients with neovascular age-rela…
A higher dose of aflibercept may offer the same vision benefits as lower doses for patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneratio…
Jul 5, 2026
Migraine patients may have an increased risk of neovascular age-related macular degeneration
Neurology Sys. Review
Migraine patients may have an increased risk of neovascular age-related macular degeneration Migraine patients may face higher risk of certain eye conditions
This narrative review examines the association between migraine and various retinal conditions, including retinal migraine and AMD. The auth…
New research highlights a link between migraines and age-related macular degeneration, potentially impacting long-term vision for many suffe…
Frontiers Jul 3, 2026
One-off 16 Gray stereotactic radiotherapy reduces anti-VEGF injections but results in worse visual acuity
Oncology RCT
One-off 16 Gray stereotactic radiotherapy reduces anti-VEGF injections but results in worse visual acuity Radiation for wet AMD cuts injections but harms vision
This randomized controlled trial of 411 patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration found that one-off 16 Gray stereotactic r…
A single dose of radiation reduced the number of eye injections needed for wet AMD, but patients ended up with worse vision after four years…
Jun 20, 2026
Age, smoking, and systemic factors are associated with increased risk of age-related macular degeneration
Ophthalmology Meta-analysis
Age, smoking, and systemic factors are associated with increased risk of age-related macular degeneration Risk Factors Linked to Age-Related Macular Degeneration
This umbrella review synthesizes epidemiological evidence regarding 53 distinct risk factors for age-related macular degeneration. The analy…
New research identifies how lifestyle factors like smoking, diet, and high blood pressure may link to age-related macular degeneration.
Frontiers Jun 18, 2026
Deep learning algorithms outperform ophthalmologists in detecting AMD and differentiating wet from dry cases
Ophthalmology Meta-analysis
Deep learning algorithms outperform ophthalmologists in detecting AMD and differentiating wet from dry cases Deep learning algorithms outperform doctors in detecting age-related macular degeneration
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the diagnostic performance of deep learning (DL) algorithms for identifying age-related m…
New data shows deep learning tools can identify eye diseases with higher accuracy than senior specialists, offering a powerful new way to sc…
Jun 16, 2026
FDA Approves Pavblu (aflibercept) for Neovascular AMD, RVO, DME, and DR
Ophthalmology FDA Approval
FDA Approves Pavblu (aflibercept) for Neovascular AMD, RVO, DME, and DR FDA approves Pavblu to treat several eye conditions that cause vision loss.
The FDA approved Pavblu (aflibercept) for neovascular AMD, macular edema following RVO, DME, and DR. It is a VEGF inhibitor administered by …
The FDA approved Pavblu (aflibercept) for wet age-related macular degeneration, macular edema, diabetic macular edema, and diabetic retinopa…
FDA May 5, 2026
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Associated with Higher Odds of Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Ophthalmology Meta-analysis
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Associated with Higher Odds of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Large study links obstructive sleep apnea to higher risk of age-related macular degeneration
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 3,536,314 adults found that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) was associated with higher odds of age-re…
A massive analysis of over 3.5 million people suggests obstructive sleep apnea is linked to a higher risk of age-related macular degeneratio…
May 1, 2026
Systematic review and meta-analysis shows aflibercept biosimilars match reference drug efficacy and safety in AMD and DME
Ophthalmology Meta-analysis
Systematic review and meta-analysis shows aflibercept biosimilars match reference drug efficacy and safety in AMD and DME Aflibercept biosimilars match the original drug for eye disease treatment
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated aflibercept biosimilars versus reference aflibercept for neovascular age-related macular …
A large review of 4064 patients found that aflibercept biosimilars work just as well as the original drug for two common eye conditions.
May 1, 2026
AI-based fluid volume quantification predicts visual acuity in neovascular AMD better than CST
Ophthalmology RCT
AI-based fluid volume quantification predicts visual acuity in neovascular AMD better than CST AI fluid measurements better predict vision loss than thickness in AMD
This randomized phase III trial in 290 eyes with neovascular AMD found that AI-based quantification of intraretinal and subretinal fluid vol…
AI-based fluid volume tracking explains more vision changes than standard thickness measurements in macular degeneration patients.
May 1, 2026
Systematic review finds radiotherapy combined with anti-VEGF therapy increases risk of vision loss compared to anti-VEGF monotherapy in nAMD
Ophthalmology Meta-analysis
Systematic review finds radiotherapy combined with anti-VEGF therapy increases risk of vision loss compared to anti-VEGF monotherapy in nAMD Radiotherapy plus anti-VEGF therapy increases vision loss risk for nAMD
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated radiotherapy combined with anti-VEGF therapy versus anti-VEGF monotherapy for neovascular…
Adding radiotherapy to anti-VEGF treatment for wet macular degeneration was linked to a higher risk of vision loss compared to anti-VEGF alo…
May 1, 2026
Systematic review and meta-analysis finds no significant association between diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration
Diabetes & Endocrinology Meta-analysis
Systematic review and meta-analysis finds no significant association between diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration Diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration show no significant link
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the association between diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration.
A meta-analysis found no significant relationship between diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration, though existing data ha…
May 1, 2026

Questions about Age-Related Macular Degeneration

How do smoking and aging affect the risk of having both cataracts and Age-Related Macular Degeneration?

Smoking and aging strongly increase the risk of having both cataracts and age-related macular degeneration, with a synergistic effect in people over 75.

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Can machine learning models predict if my early Age-Related Macular Degeneration will get worse?

Yes, machine learning models can predict progression from early to late AMD with moderate accuracy, using imaging and clinical data.

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Is there a link between diabetic retinopathy and getting Age-Related Macular Degeneration?

Current research shows no significant link between diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration, despite both conditions sharing some similar underlying mechanisms.

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Does having obstructive sleep apnea increase my risk for Age-Related Macular Degeneration?

Yes, obstructive sleep apnea may increase your risk for age-related macular degeneration, especially the neovascular (wet) form, though the evidence is mixed.

Full answer →

All Age-Related Macular Degeneration Articles