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Home › Conditions › Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis

Subtypes of Tuberculosis

Pulmonary Tuberculosis 8 Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis 7 Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection 3 Rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis 3 Tuberculous meningitis 3 Bone tuberculosis 1 Cerebral tuberculosis 1 Latent Tuberculosis Infection 1 Lymph node tuberculosis 1 Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis 1 Post-tuberculosis lung disease 1 Renal Tuberculosis 1 Spinal Tuberculosis 1 Extrapulmonary tuberculosis 0 Meningeal Tuberculosis 0 Tuberculous psoas abscesses 0 Tuberculous serous effusions 0

75 published articles · Updated continuously

Clinical Trial Landscape

Clinical Trials for Tuberculosis

108 trials tracked for Tuberculosis: 19 in phase 3 or 4 and 10 with published results. The most-cited published study has 557 citations.

108Trials tracked
19Phase 3 & 4
0Recruiting
10With published results
Phase distribution
Phase 4 12 Phase 3 7 Phase 2 41 Phase 1 15 Other / NA 33
  1. Phase 3 Various Doses and Durations of Linezolid Plus Bedaquiline & Pretomanid in Participants With Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Completed · 557 cited
  2. Phase 3 Brief Rifapentine-Isoniazid Evaluation for TB Prevention (BRIEF TB) Completed · 369 cited
  3. Phase 4 Study of Limited Versus Continuous Isoniazid Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy in HIV-infected Persons in Botswana Completed · 357 cited
  4. Phase 4 Evaluating the Safety of Immediate Versus Deferred Isoniazid Preventive Therapy Among HIV-Infected Pregnant Women Completed · 122 cited
  5. Phase 4 Wirelessly Observed Therapy in Comparison to Directly Observed Therapy for the Treatment of Tuberculosis Completed · 92 cited
  6. Phase 3 Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of BPaMZ in Drug-Sensitive (DS-TB) Adult Patients and Drug-Resistant (DR-TB) Adult Patients Completed · 53 cited
Show 44 more trials
  1. Phase 3 TBTC Study 31: Rifapentine-containing Tuberculosis Treatment Shortening Regimens Completed · 26 cited
  2. Phase 4 Effect of Weight and/or Obesity on Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim Concentrations Completed · 14 cited
  3. Phase 4 Alcohol Drinkers' Exposure to Preventive Therapy for TB (ADEPTT) Completed · 11 cited
  4. Phase 4 Ultra Curto (Ultra Short) TB Prevention Therapy Completed · 1 cited
  5. Phase 4 Effect of Weight and/or Obesity on Dapsone Drug Concentrations Completed
  6. Phase 4 Rifampin and the Contraceptive Implant Completed
  7. Phase 4 Immediate Versus Deferred Start of Anti-HIV Therapy in HIV-Infected Adults Being Treated for Tuberculosis Completed
  8. Phase 4 Xpert MTB/Rif, a New Tool for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Two Municipalities in Brazil Completed
  9. Phase 4 Effect of Weight and/or Obesity on Ethambutol Drug Concentrations Completed
  10. Phase 4 Tuberculosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Immune Reconstitution Syndrome Trial (THIRST) Completed
  11. Phase 3 Three Months of Weekly Rifapentine and Isoniazid for M. Tuberculosis Infection Completed
  12. Phase 3 Tuberculosis Treatment Shortening Trial Completed
  13. Phase 3 Treatment of Latent TB Infection for Jailed Persons Completed
  14. Phase 2 Safety and Immunogenicity of a Candidate Tuberculosis (TB) Vaccine in Healthy HIV Negative Adolescents Completed
  15. Phase 2 DAR-901 TB Booster Vaccine to Prevent TB in Adolescents Completed
  16. Phase 2 Safety and Immunogenicity of AERAS-402 in HIV-infected, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-Vaccinated Adults Completed
  17. Phase 2 Statin Adjunctive Therapy for TB Completed
  18. Phase 2 Safety and Immunogenicity Study of GSK Biologicals Tuberculosis Vaccines (692342) to Healthy Adults Completed
  19. Phase 2 Evaluating PK, Tolerability, and Safety of Rifapentine and Isoniazid in Pregnant and Postpartum Women Completed
  20. Phase 2 Infant TB Infection Prevention Study Completed
  21. Phase 2 Standard Versus Double Dose Dolutegravir in Patients With HIV-associated Tuberculosis Completed
  22. Phase 2 A Study of MVA85A in Healthy Infants Completed
  23. Phase 2 Early Bactericidal Activity of Linezolid, Gatifloxacin, Levofloxacin, Isoniazid (INH) and Moxifloxacin in HIV Negative Adults With Initial Episodes of Sputum Smear-Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Completed
  24. Phase 2 Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) Biologicals' Candidate Tuberculosis (TB) Vaccine in Adults Completed
  25. Phase 2 Essentiality of INH in TB Therapy Completed
  26. Phase 2 Phase IIa Clinical Study of Recombinant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Allergen ESAT6-CFP10 Completed
  27. Phase 2 Safety and Immunogenicity of 2 Formulations of Tuberculosis Vaccine GSK692342 Given at 0,1 Months to Healthy Adults Completed
  28. Phase 2 Safety and Immunogenicity Study of a Candidate Tuberculosis Vaccine in Healthy Infants Completed
  29. Phase 2 Trial of High-Dose Rifampin in Patients With TB Completed
  30. Phase 2 Evaluation of Safety, Immunogenicity, and Prevention of TB With AERAS-404 and BCG Revaccination in Healthy Adolescents Completed
  31. Phase 2 Safety and Immunogenicity Study of a Candidate Tuberculosis Vaccine in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Positive Adults Completed
  32. Phase 2 Metronidazole for Pulmonary Tuberculosis (South Korea) Completed
  33. Phase 2 An Early Bactericidal Activity, Safety and Tolerability of GSK3036656 in Subjects With Drug-sensitive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Completed
  34. Phase 2 Efficacy Against TB Disease, Safety, and Immunogenicity of MVA85A/AERAS-485 in HIV-Infected Adults (C-030-485) Completed
  35. Phase 2 PK Study of Rifampicin Interactions With DMPA and Efavirenz in TB Completed
  36. Phase 2 Linezolid Dosing Strategies in Drug-Resistant TB Completed
  37. Phase 2 TMC207-TiDP13-C208: Anti-bacterial Activity, Safety, and Tolerability of TMC207 in Participants With Multi-drug Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Completed
  38. Phase 2 A Clinical Trial of the Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Hematologic Effects of Imatinib on Myelopoiesis in Adults When Given With and Without Isoniazid and Rifabutin Completed
  39. Phase 2 Study of AERAS-402 in Healthy Infants Completed
  40. Phase 2 High-Dose Isoniazid Among Adult Patients With Different Genetic Variants of INH-Resistant Tuberculosis (TB) Completed
  41. Phase 2 Pharmacokinetic Study to Evaluate Double-Dose Levonorgestrel Emergency Contraception in Combination With Efavirenz-Based Antiretroviral Therapy or Rifampicin-Containing Anti-Tuberculosis Therapy Completed
  42. Phase 2 Effects of Interferon-Gamma on Cavitary Pulmonary Tuberculosis in the Lungs Completed
  43. Phase 2 Moxifloxacin As Part of a Multi-Drug Regimen For Tuberculosis Completed
  44. Phase 2 A Phase 2 to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Combinations of Bedaquiline, Moxifloxacin, PA-824 and Pyrazinamide in Adult Subjects With Drug-Sensitive or Multi Drug-Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Completed

Showing the 50 most-cited and recently-updated of 108 trials. Browse the full registry →

Trial data sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. Counts describe the research landscape and are not a treatment recommendation. Informational only — not medical advice.

Tuberculosis: current evidence & treatments

Digital health interventions, particularly video observed therapy, improve treatment success and adherence in adults with tuberculosis compared to directly observed therapy (RR 1.18; 95% CI 1.02-1.37) 1. For drug-resistant tuberculosis, linezolid-containing regimens reduce unfavorable outcomes (RD -0.150; 95% CI -0.211 to -0.089) and increase sputum culture conversion (RD 0.047; 95% CI 0.003 to 0.092) 11. The BPaLM regimen for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis with cerebral or bone involvement shows mixed outcomes, with one patient completing treatment without relapse at 1 year and another discontinuing due to adverse events 7.

Comorbidities significantly influence tuberculosis outcomes. People living with HIV have reduced odds of post-tuberculosis lung disease (OR 0.68; 95% CI 0.52-0.89), while undernutrition increases odds (OR 1.99; 95% CI 1.02-3.87) 3. Diabetes is associated with impaired immune control of tuberculosis pathogenesis 21. In HIV-related sepsis, immediate antituberculosis therapy did not reduce mortality compared to waiting for diagnosis 4. Tuberculosis prevalence is higher among people living with HIV in Africa 22.

Diagnostic tools show variable accuracy. MiniDock MTB on sputum swabs has high specificity (96.8%-98.8%) and good agreement with Xpert (Kappa 0.84) [12,14]. Digital chest radiography with computer-aided detection has variable sensitivity for asymptomatic tuberculosis 13. Tongue swab testing with Xpert Ultra shows promise in adolescents 18. Multiplex PCR assays achieve 100% sensitivity and specificity for MTBc detection 20. A 3D ResNeXt classifier on CT imaging distinguishes nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease from pulmonary tuberculosis with AUC 0.89 25.

Key drugs in the evidence

rifampin 4 Isoniazid 2 ethambutol 2 cefoperazone/sulbactam 1 paclitaxel 1 dolutegravir 1 amikacin 1 carboplatin 1 n-acetylcysteine 1 tigecycline 1

Latest findings

AI-generated synthesis of 14 cited studies, updated Jun 12, 2026. How we use AI.

HCP Mode — summaries include clinical detail, trial data, and statistical outcomes.
Patient Mode — summaries use plain language, avoiding clinical jargon.
Observational study assesses MiniDock MTB diagnostic accuracy against Xpert in Indonesian TB patients
Infectious Disease
Observational study assesses MiniDock MTB diagnostic accuracy against Xpert in Indonesian TB patients New TB test shows promise in Indonesia trial
This observational study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of MiniDock MTB on sputum swabs compared to Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra and liquid cultur…
A new TB test called MiniDock MTB accurately detected TB in adults, but sensitivity dropped in children and low-burden cases.
medRxiv May 1, 2026
High-dose rifampicin pharmacokinetics differ across sites in tuberculosis infection randomized trial
Pediatrics RCT
High-dose rifampicin pharmacokinetics differ across sites in tuberculosis infection randomized trial High-dose rifampicin shows different drug levels in adults across three countries
This randomized controlled trial evaluated adults and adolescents aged ≥ 10 years with tuberculosis infection.
Drug levels of high-dose rifampicin varied by country, with lower bioavailability seen in Canada and Vietnam compared to Indonesia in this t…
Apr 30, 2026
MiniDock MTB Test Shows High Sensitivity and Specificity for Tuberculosis Detection
Pediatrics
MiniDock MTB Test Shows High Sensitivity and Specificity for Tuberculosis Detection A new test finds TB in people who cough up nothing
This prospective cross-sectional study evaluated the MiniDock MTB test using sputum and tongue swabs in 1380 patients with presumptive pulmo…
A new test found tuberculosis in over 85% of patients who could not produce a cough sample, offering a faster way to diagnose the disease in…
Apr 30, 2026
Molecular epidemiology study of rifampicin-resistant TB in Vietnam shows high resistance to other drugs
Infectious Disease
Molecular epidemiology study of rifampicin-resistant TB in Vietnam shows high resistance to other drugs Vietnam’s TB Crisis Hides a Dangerous Pattern
This molecular epidemiology study analyzed 252 rifampicin-resistant TB isolates from Vietnam using whole genome sequencing.
A hidden pattern in Vietnam’s tuberculosis cases reveals most drug-resistant strains also resist other key medicines, changing how doctors m…
medRxiv Apr 27, 2026
Mathematical modelling review projects TB incidence and mortality declines in South Africa adults by 2030
Infectious Disease
Mathematical modelling review projects TB incidence and mortality declines in South Africa adults by 2030 New TB Test Could Cut Cases in Half
This mathematical modelling review analyzes Tuberculosis and HIV dynamics in South African adults using 1000 parameter combinations.
A simple swab test could stop TB from spreading by finding cases faster, especially in places where people struggle to get diagnosed.
medRxiv Apr 26, 2026
Review of cross-sectional study on tongue swab Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra diagnostic accuracy in Vietnamese adolescents
Infectious Disease
Review of cross-sectional study on tongue swab Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra diagnostic accuracy in Vietnamese adolescents Tongue Swabs Could Spot TB in Teens Without Coughing
This cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy review evaluates tongue swab testing with Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra in adolescents aged 10-19 in Vietnam.
A painless tongue swab may help find tuberculosis in teens who can’t produce sputum, offering hope for earlier and easier diagnosis in hard-…
medRxiv Apr 26, 2026
Protocol outlines AI/ML approaches to identify TB transmission drivers and treatment failure factors in Uganda
Infectious Disease
Protocol outlines AI/ML approaches to identify TB transmission drivers and treatment failure factors in Uganda AI tools spot silent TB risks before symptoms appear in Uganda
This study protocol describes a planned investigation into Tuberculosis and HIV/TB coinfection in Kampala city, Uganda.
Smart computer programs can find hidden tuberculosis risks in households before anyone feels sick or fails their medicine.
medRxiv Apr 26, 2026
Systematic review links diabetes to impaired immune control of tuberculosis pathogenesis across 81 studies
Diabetes & Endocrinology Meta-analysis
Systematic review links diabetes to impaired immune control of tuberculosis pathogenesis across 81 studies Diabetes changes how the body fights tuberculosis infection in humans and animals
This systematic review synthesizes evidence from 81 eligible studies involving animal models and human participants to examine how diabetes …
A review of 81 studies shows diabetes weakens the immune system, making tuberculosis worse and harder to control in people and lab animals.
Frontiers Apr 24, 2026
Review Analytical Performance of Multiplex PCR Assays for Tuberculosis and Drug Resistance
Infectious Disease
Review Analytical Performance of Multiplex PCR Assays for Tuberculosis and Drug Resistance New test spots TB and drug resistance in one quick scan
This review evaluates the comprehensive analytical performance of multiplex open real-time PCR assays for tuberculosis and drug resistance i…
A new lab test finds TB and drug resistance in one quick scan, but it misses some rare germs that need more study.
medRxiv Apr 24, 2026
Systematic review and meta-analysis finds higher TB prevalence among people living with HIV in Africa
Infectious Disease Meta-analysis
Systematic review and meta-analysis finds higher TB prevalence among people living with HIV in Africa TB’s Hidden Link: Why HIV Changes the Risk Picture
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated bacteriologically-confirmed tuberculosis prevalence in 264,530 people across Southern and…
If you have HIV, your risk of missing a deadly TB diagnosis is far higher—and this study explains why that gap must close now.
medRxiv Apr 23, 2026
Adjunctive Yuehua Decoction linked to improved quality of life in multidrug-resistant TB patients
Rheumatology RCT
Adjunctive Yuehua Decoction linked to improved quality of life in multidrug-resistant TB patients A Traditional Herb May Ease the Burden of Drug-Resistant TB
This prospective cohort study in adults with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis found that adjunctive Yuehua Decoction with standard chemother…
This study suggests a traditional Chinese medicine could improve quality of life for patients battling drug-resistant tuberculosis, with few…
Frontiers Apr 23, 2026
Host transcriptional biosignatures for TB progression in Indian household contacts
Pulmonology & Critical Care Cohort
Host transcriptional biosignatures for TB progression in Indian household contacts Blood test signatures may help predict TB in household contacts
This observational cohort study of 525 Indian household contacts of TB patients evaluated host transcriptional biosignatures for predicting …
A study in India found that blood-based gene signatures could help identify household contacts at risk of developing tuberculosis, but perfo…
Frontiers Apr 23, 2026

Questions about Tuberculosis

What factors help differentiate non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease from tuberculosis in patients?

NTM lung disease is more likely in older patients with bronchiectasis, COPD, or diabetes, and often shows thin-walled cavities on CT; TB-IGRA is usually negative in NTM.

Full answer →