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Home › Conditions › Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis

Subtypes of Tuberculosis

Pulmonary Tuberculosis 10 Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis 9 Rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis 4 Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection 3 Tuberculous meningitis 3 Latent Tuberculosis Infection 2 Post-tuberculosis lung disease 2 Bone tuberculosis 1 Cerebral tuberculosis 1 Lymph node tuberculosis 1 Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis 1 Renal Tuberculosis 1 Spinal Tuberculosis 1 Extrapulmonary tuberculosis 0 Meningeal Tuberculosis 0 Tuberculous psoas abscesses 0 Tuberculous serous effusions 0

108 published articles · Updated continuously

Clinical Trial Landscape

Clinical Trials for Tuberculosis

108 trials tracked for Tuberculosis: 19 in phase 3 or 4 and 10 with published results. The most-cited published study has 585 citations.

108Trials tracked
19Phase 3 & 4
0Recruiting
10With published results
Phase distribution
Phase 4 12 Phase 3 7 Phase 2 41 Phase 1 15 Other / NA 33
  1. Phase 3 Various Doses and Durations of Linezolid Plus Bedaquiline & Pretomanid in Participants With Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Completed · 585 cited
  2. Phase 3 Brief Rifapentine-Isoniazid Evaluation for TB Prevention (BRIEF TB) Completed · 379 cited
  3. Phase 4 Study of Limited Versus Continuous Isoniazid Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy in HIV-infected Persons in Botswana Completed · 355 cited
  4. Phase 4 Evaluating the Safety of Immediate Versus Deferred Isoniazid Preventive Therapy Among HIV-Infected Pregnant Women Completed · 125 cited
  5. Phase 4 Wirelessly Observed Therapy in Comparison to Directly Observed Therapy for the Treatment of Tuberculosis Completed · 87 cited
  6. Phase 3 Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of BPaMZ in Drug-Sensitive (DS-TB) Adult Patients and Drug-Resistant (DR-TB) Adult Patients Completed · 61 cited
Show 44 more trials
  1. Phase 3 TBTC Study 31: Rifapentine-containing Tuberculosis Treatment Shortening Regimens Completed · 36 cited
  2. Phase 4 Effect of Weight and/or Obesity on Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim Concentrations Completed · 16 cited
  3. Phase 4 Alcohol Drinkers' Exposure to Preventive Therapy for TB (ADEPTT) Completed · 10 cited
  4. Phase 4 Ultra Curto (Ultra Short) TB Prevention Therapy Completed · 2 cited
  5. Phase 4 Effect of Weight and/or Obesity on Dapsone Drug Concentrations Completed
  6. Phase 4 Rifampin and the Contraceptive Implant Completed
  7. Phase 4 Immediate Versus Deferred Start of Anti-HIV Therapy in HIV-Infected Adults Being Treated for Tuberculosis Completed
  8. Phase 4 Xpert MTB/Rif, a New Tool for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Two Municipalities in Brazil Completed
  9. Phase 4 Effect of Weight and/or Obesity on Ethambutol Drug Concentrations Completed
  10. Phase 4 Tuberculosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Immune Reconstitution Syndrome Trial (THIRST) Completed
  11. Phase 3 Three Months of Weekly Rifapentine and Isoniazid for M. Tuberculosis Infection Completed
  12. Phase 3 Tuberculosis Treatment Shortening Trial Completed
  13. Phase 3 Treatment of Latent TB Infection for Jailed Persons Completed
  14. Phase 2 Safety and Immunogenicity of a Candidate Tuberculosis (TB) Vaccine in Healthy HIV Negative Adolescents Completed
  15. Phase 2 DAR-901 TB Booster Vaccine to Prevent TB in Adolescents Completed
  16. Phase 2 Safety and Immunogenicity of AERAS-402 in HIV-infected, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-Vaccinated Adults Completed
  17. Phase 2 Statin Adjunctive Therapy for TB Completed
  18. Phase 2 Safety and Immunogenicity Study of GSK Biologicals Tuberculosis Vaccines (692342) to Healthy Adults Completed
  19. Phase 2 Evaluating PK, Tolerability, and Safety of Rifapentine and Isoniazid in Pregnant and Postpartum Women Completed
  20. Phase 2 Infant TB Infection Prevention Study Completed
  21. Phase 2 Standard Versus Double Dose Dolutegravir in Patients With HIV-associated Tuberculosis Completed
  22. Phase 2 A Study of MVA85A in Healthy Infants Completed
  23. Phase 2 Early Bactericidal Activity of Linezolid, Gatifloxacin, Levofloxacin, Isoniazid (INH) and Moxifloxacin in HIV Negative Adults With Initial Episodes of Sputum Smear-Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Completed
  24. Phase 2 Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) Biologicals' Candidate Tuberculosis (TB) Vaccine in Adults Completed
  25. Phase 2 Essentiality of INH in TB Therapy Completed
  26. Phase 2 Phase IIa Clinical Study of Recombinant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Allergen ESAT6-CFP10 Completed
  27. Phase 2 Safety and Immunogenicity of 2 Formulations of Tuberculosis Vaccine GSK692342 Given at 0,1 Months to Healthy Adults Completed
  28. Phase 2 Safety and Immunogenicity Study of a Candidate Tuberculosis Vaccine in Healthy Infants Completed
  29. Phase 2 Trial of High-Dose Rifampin in Patients With TB Completed
  30. Phase 2 Evaluation of Safety, Immunogenicity, and Prevention of TB With AERAS-404 and BCG Revaccination in Healthy Adolescents Completed
  31. Phase 2 Safety and Immunogenicity Study of a Candidate Tuberculosis Vaccine in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Positive Adults Completed
  32. Phase 2 Metronidazole for Pulmonary Tuberculosis (South Korea) Completed
  33. Phase 2 An Early Bactericidal Activity, Safety and Tolerability of GSK3036656 in Subjects With Drug-sensitive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Completed
  34. Phase 2 Efficacy Against TB Disease, Safety, and Immunogenicity of MVA85A/AERAS-485 in HIV-Infected Adults (C-030-485) Completed
  35. Phase 2 PK Study of Rifampicin Interactions With DMPA and Efavirenz in TB Completed
  36. Phase 2 Linezolid Dosing Strategies in Drug-Resistant TB Completed
  37. Phase 2 TMC207-TiDP13-C208: Anti-bacterial Activity, Safety, and Tolerability of TMC207 in Participants With Multi-drug Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Completed
  38. Phase 2 A Clinical Trial of the Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Hematologic Effects of Imatinib on Myelopoiesis in Adults When Given With and Without Isoniazid and Rifabutin Completed
  39. Phase 2 Study of AERAS-402 in Healthy Infants Completed
  40. Phase 2 High-Dose Isoniazid Among Adult Patients With Different Genetic Variants of INH-Resistant Tuberculosis (TB) Completed
  41. Phase 2 Pharmacokinetic Study to Evaluate Double-Dose Levonorgestrel Emergency Contraception in Combination With Efavirenz-Based Antiretroviral Therapy or Rifampicin-Containing Anti-Tuberculosis Therapy Completed
  42. Phase 2 Effects of Interferon-Gamma on Cavitary Pulmonary Tuberculosis in the Lungs Completed
  43. Phase 2 Moxifloxacin As Part of a Multi-Drug Regimen For Tuberculosis Completed
  44. Phase 2 A Phase 2 to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Combinations of Bedaquiline, Moxifloxacin, PA-824 and Pyrazinamide in Adult Subjects With Drug-Sensitive or Multi Drug-Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Completed

Showing the 50 most-cited and recently-updated of 108 trials. Browse the full registry →

Trial data sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. Counts describe the research landscape and are not a treatment recommendation. Informational only — not medical advice.

What the trials found Updated — new results For clinicians

Tuberculosis: what the trials found

Isoniazid (INH) is a cornerstone of tuberculosis (TB) preventive therapy. In a large phase 4 trial, INH was associated with a cumulative incidence of grade 3/4 hepatotoxicity of 8.3% 8. Adherence to INH was suboptimal in 31.3% of participants, though self-reported days of intake were high (30/30 days) 8. Another trial found no significant difference in TB treatment completion rates in prison with INH (p=0.08) 4. In pregnant women, INH did not significantly increase fetal death (p=0.093) or prematurity (p=0.288) compared to control 5. A phase 3 trial showed that once-weekly rifapentine (RPT) plus INH for 3 months reduced the cumulative rate of culture-confirmed TB disease at 33 months (0.43% vs 0.19%) 20. A phase 4 trial of rifapentine 600 mg plus INH 300 mg found a trend toward higher treatment completion (>90% adherence) but did not reach significance (p=0.07) 9. Rifampin 600 mg was also studied in a small phase 4 trial 10.

Xpert MTB/Rif, a molecular diagnostic test, significantly increased TB notification rates (notification rate ratio 48.7 vs 30.5, p<0.01) 12. However, it did not significantly affect non-laboratory tested TB (p=0.923) and paradoxically increased negative-laboratory TB notifications (p=0.004) 12. In drug-sensitive TB, a phase 3 trial of pretomanid-containing regimens showed significantly higher culture-negative status by 8 weeks (p<0.001) 18, but rates of unfavorable outcomes (bacteriologic failure, relapse, clinical failure) at 52 weeks were similar across arms 18. Another phase 3 trial of pretomanid also reported comparable unfavorable outcomes at 26 and 78 weeks 16. A phase 3 trial of rifapentine-containing regimens showed a borderline significant difference in grade 3+ adverse events (p=0.05) and faster decline of sputum viable bacilli 19.

Digital health feedback systems improved witnessed doses (92.9% vs 63.1%) in a phase 4 trial 6. In HIV-associated TB, immediate ART did not significantly improve survival without AIDS progression (p=0.45) 14. Fixed-dose combination zidovudine/lamivudine/abacavir achieved HIV RNA <400 copies/ml in 26/31 evaluable patients 15. Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim 7 and dapsone 11 were studied in small phase 4 trials. Ethambutol was associated with fewer bacteriologic/clinical relapses at 30 months (3 vs 13) in a phase 3 trial 22, but another small phase 4 trial 13 did not report comparative outcomes.

Recent results — preliminary, needs further review

  • A recent phase 2 trial of linezolid 600 mg showed a trend toward improved time to 26-week stable culture conversion (p=0.0546) but no significant differences in permanent discontinuation of anti-TB drugs (p=0.58) or linezolid specifically (p=0.82) 2.
  • A large recent trial of choice architecture interventions to increase TB preventive therapy (TPT) initiation in HIV patients found modest improvements: among patients newly starting ART, TPT initiation within 90 days was 70.1% vs 71.5% (not tested for significance); among established ART patients, TPT initiation was 2.1% vs 5.2%; and among TPT-eligible new ART patients, 77.3% vs 78.3% 3.

For the clinician treating this condition

  • Isoniazid remains effective for TB prevention but requires monitoring for hepatotoxicity and adherence support.
  • Rifapentine-based short-course regimens (e.g., once-weekly INH/RPT for 3 months) reduce TB disease incidence and may improve completion.
  • Xpert MTB/Rif increases TB case detection, but its impact on overall notification rates may be offset by increased negative laboratory notifications.

AI synthesis of 19 cited trials, updated Jun 22, 2026. Informational only — not medical advice; trial data sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. How we use AI.

Tuberculosis: current evidence & treatments

Digital health interventions, particularly video observed therapy, improve treatment success and adherence in adults with tuberculosis compared to directly observed therapy (RR 1.18; 95% CI 1.02-1.37) 1. For drug-resistant tuberculosis, linezolid-containing regimens reduce unfavorable outcomes (RD -0.150; 95% CI -0.211 to -0.089) and increase sputum culture conversion (RD 0.047; 95% CI 0.003 to 0.092) 11. The BPaLM regimen for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis with cerebral or bone involvement shows mixed outcomes, with one patient completing treatment without relapse at 1 year and another discontinuing due to adverse events 7.

Comorbidities significantly influence tuberculosis outcomes. People living with HIV have reduced odds of post-tuberculosis lung disease (OR 0.68; 95% CI 0.52-0.89), while undernutrition increases odds (OR 1.99; 95% CI 1.02-3.87) 3. Diabetes is associated with impaired immune control of tuberculosis pathogenesis 21. In HIV-related sepsis, immediate antituberculosis therapy did not reduce mortality compared to waiting for diagnosis 4. Tuberculosis prevalence is higher among people living with HIV in Africa 22.

Diagnostic tools show variable accuracy. MiniDock MTB on sputum swabs has high specificity (96.8%-98.8%) and good agreement with Xpert (Kappa 0.84) [12,14]. Digital chest radiography with computer-aided detection has variable sensitivity for asymptomatic tuberculosis 13. Tongue swab testing with Xpert Ultra shows promise in adolescents 18. Multiplex PCR assays achieve 100% sensitivity and specificity for MTBc detection 20. A 3D ResNeXt classifier on CT imaging distinguishes nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease from pulmonary tuberculosis with AUC 0.89 25.

Key drugs in the evidence

Isoniazid 9 rifampicin 7 ethambutol 6 rifampin 4 pyrazinamide 3 rifapentine 3 fluoroquinolones 2 moxifloxacin 2 streptomycin 2 amikacin 2

Latest findings

AI-generated synthesis of 14 cited studies, updated Jun 12, 2026. How we use AI.

HCP Mode — summaries include clinical detail, trial data, and statistical outcomes.
Patient Mode — summaries use plain language, avoiding clinical jargon.
TB prevalence reaches 16% in malnourished Ethiopian children, review finds
Pulmonology & Critical Care Meta-analysis
TB prevalence reaches 16% in malnourished Ethiopian children, review finds TB Found in 16% of Malnourished Children in Ethiopia
This meta-analysis estimates the pooled prevalence of tuberculosis among malnourished children in Ethiopia at 16%, with reported rates rangi…
A new analysis finds about 1 in 6 malnourished children in Ethiopia may also have tuberculosis, with rates as high as 95% in some groups.
medRxiv Sep 24, 2026
Optimized weight-based dosing for ethambutol addresses sub-therapeutic exposure in children with tuberculosis
Pediatrics Meta-analysis
Optimized weight-based dosing for ethambutol addresses sub-therapeutic exposure in children with tuberculosis Optimized Ethambutol Dosing May Improve Treatment for Children with Tuberculosis
This meta-analysis evaluates ethambutol pharmacokinetics and dose optimization in children with tuberculosis. The analysis found that curren…
Current dosing for the tuberculosis drug Ethambutol may be too low for some children, potentially affecting how well the medicine works.
Sep 24, 2026
Biopsychosocial determinants shape TB care outcomes across 124 studies
Infectious Disease Meta-analysis
Biopsychosocial determinants shape TB care outcomes across 124 studies Social and psychological factors impact tuberculosis treatment and outcomes
This scoping review and bibliometric analysis of 124 studies maps 78 biopsychosocial determinants across biological, psychological, and soci…
Hidden hurdles like stigma, poverty, and lack of knowledge can make it much harder for people with tuberculosis to get the care they need.
Frontiers Sep 24, 2026
Higher baseline Prognostic Nutritional Index reduces mortality risk in sepsis and pneumonia patients
Rheumatology Meta-analysis
Higher baseline Prognostic Nutritional Index reduces mortality risk in sepsis and pneumonia patients Nutritional status helps predict survival in patients with severe infections
This meta-analysis of 28,757 patients with infectious diseases found that higher baseline Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) is associated w…
A high nutritional score at the start of treatment can help doctors identify which patients with sepsis or pneumonia are at the highest risk…
Frontiers Sep 21, 2026
LLM-derived embeddings outperform tabular models for end-of-therapy outcome prediction in tuberculosis patients
Infectious Disease Phase III
LLM-derived embeddings outperform tabular models for end-of-therapy outcome prediction in tuberculosis patients New Data Models Improve Prediction of Tuberculosis Treatment Success
This analysis of Phase 3 clinical trial data involving 2,918 participants evaluated time-resolved prediction models for tuberculosis outcome…
Advanced data models may help doctors better predict if tuberculosis patients will successfully complete treatment or face a relapse.
medRxiv Sep 17, 2026
Risk prediction models for anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury show pooled AUC of 0.81
Primary Care & Family Medicine Meta-analysis
Risk prediction models for anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury show pooled AUC of 0.81 Risk Prediction Models Help Identify Liver Damage from Tuberculosis Drugs
This meta-analysis of 26 studies involving 41,734 cases evaluated risk prediction models for anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury (AT…
New risk models can help identify patients at risk for liver injury when taking tuberculosis medications, especially those with specific hea…
Frontiers Sep 12, 2026
Sensititre MYCOTB shows high diagnostic accuracy for rifampicin and isoniazid in tuberculosis isolates
Infectious Disease Meta-analysis
Sensititre MYCOTB shows high diagnostic accuracy for rifampicin and isoniazid in tuberculosis isolates New test shows high accuracy for detecting drug resistant tuberculosis
This meta-analysis of 1,728 isolates evaluates the diagnostic performance of Sensititre MYCOTB against reference drug susceptibility testing…
A new testing method shows high accuracy in identifying which drugs can successfully treat drug-resistant tuberculosis infections.
Sep 11, 2026
Bronchoscopic resection and individualized therapy may treat tracheobronchial tuberculosis presenting as endobronchial masses
Rheumatology Sys. Review
Bronchoscopic resection and individualized therapy may treat tracheobronchial tuberculosis presenting as endobronchial masses Rare airway tuberculosis found in young man's bronchial mass
This case report and literature review describes a 21-year-old male with tumorous tracheobronchial tuberculosis complicated by infiltrative …
A 21-year-old's airway mass turned out to be a rare form of tuberculosis. Early removal and treatment led to marked improvement.
Frontiers Sep 8, 2026
Expanded TB Screening in HIV Inpatients Shows No Benefit
Infectious Disease RCT
Expanded TB Screening in HIV Inpatients Shows No Benefit Expanded Screening Does Not Speed Tuberculosis Treatment for HIV Patients
In HIV-positive hospital inpatients, expanded TB screening with Xpert Ultra and LF-LAM did not improve treatment initiation or 8-week mortal…
A large trial in Tanzania and Mozambique found that expanded screening did not speed up tuberculosis treatment or reduce deaths for patients…
Sep 6, 2026
Tuberculosis prevalence among children with severe acute malnutrition is 13% (95% CI: 11-16%)
Infectious Disease Meta-analysis
Tuberculosis prevalence among children with severe acute malnutrition is 13% (95% CI: 11-16%) Tuberculosis is common among children with severe acute malnutrition
This meta-analysis of 33,869 children across 15 countries identifies a pooled tuberculosis prevalence of 13% in those with severe acute maln…
Over 13% of children suffering from severe acute malnutrition also have tuberculosis, highlighting a critical need for integrated screening.
medRxiv Aug 14, 2026
WGS-based tools provide high specificity and sensitivity for rifampicin, isoniazid, and fluoroquinolone resistance detection
Infectious Disease Meta-analysis
WGS-based tools provide high specificity and sensitivity for rifampicin, isoniazid, and fluoroquinolone resistance detection New tools help doctors identify drug resistant tuberculosis strains
This meta-analysis of 144,623 M. tuberculosis genomes evaluates six open-access WGS-based drug susceptibility testing prediction tools. The …
New computer tools can accurately predict if common drugs will work against tuberculosis, helping doctors choose the right treatment faster.
Aug 12, 2026
Pulmonary TB History Linked to Higher COPD Odds
Rheumatology Meta-analysis
Pulmonary TB History Linked to Higher COPD Odds Past tuberculosis infection significantly increases risk of developing lung disease
Meta-analysis of over 1 million people finds prior pulmonary TB associated with 2.65 times higher odds of COPD.
A history of pulmonary tuberculosis is linked to a much higher risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, especially in certa…
Frontiers Aug 11, 2026

Questions about Tuberculosis

What factors help differentiate non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease from tuberculosis in patients?

NTM lung disease is more likely in older patients with bronchiectasis, COPD, or diabetes, and often shows thin-walled cavities on CT; TB-IGRA is usually negative in NTM.

Full answer →