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Home › Conditions › Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis

Subtypes of Tuberculosis

Pulmonary Tuberculosis 8 Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis 7 Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection 3 Rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis 3 Tuberculous meningitis 3 Bone tuberculosis 1 Cerebral tuberculosis 1 Latent Tuberculosis Infection 1 Lymph node tuberculosis 1 Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis 1 Post-tuberculosis lung disease 1 Renal Tuberculosis 1 Spinal Tuberculosis 1 Extrapulmonary tuberculosis 0 Meningeal Tuberculosis 0 Tuberculous psoas abscesses 0 Tuberculous serous effusions 0

75 published articles · Updated continuously

Clinical Trial Landscape

Clinical Trials for Tuberculosis

108 trials tracked for Tuberculosis: 19 in phase 3 or 4 and 10 with published results. The most-cited published study has 557 citations.

108Trials tracked
19Phase 3 & 4
0Recruiting
10With published results
Phase distribution
Phase 4 12 Phase 3 7 Phase 2 41 Phase 1 15 Other / NA 33
  1. Phase 3 Various Doses and Durations of Linezolid Plus Bedaquiline & Pretomanid in Participants With Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Completed · 557 cited
  2. Phase 3 Brief Rifapentine-Isoniazid Evaluation for TB Prevention (BRIEF TB) Completed · 369 cited
  3. Phase 4 Study of Limited Versus Continuous Isoniazid Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy in HIV-infected Persons in Botswana Completed · 357 cited
  4. Phase 4 Evaluating the Safety of Immediate Versus Deferred Isoniazid Preventive Therapy Among HIV-Infected Pregnant Women Completed · 122 cited
  5. Phase 4 Wirelessly Observed Therapy in Comparison to Directly Observed Therapy for the Treatment of Tuberculosis Completed · 92 cited
  6. Phase 3 Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of BPaMZ in Drug-Sensitive (DS-TB) Adult Patients and Drug-Resistant (DR-TB) Adult Patients Completed · 53 cited
Show 44 more trials
  1. Phase 3 TBTC Study 31: Rifapentine-containing Tuberculosis Treatment Shortening Regimens Completed · 26 cited
  2. Phase 4 Effect of Weight and/or Obesity on Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim Concentrations Completed · 14 cited
  3. Phase 4 Alcohol Drinkers' Exposure to Preventive Therapy for TB (ADEPTT) Completed · 11 cited
  4. Phase 4 Ultra Curto (Ultra Short) TB Prevention Therapy Completed · 1 cited
  5. Phase 4 Effect of Weight and/or Obesity on Dapsone Drug Concentrations Completed
  6. Phase 4 Rifampin and the Contraceptive Implant Completed
  7. Phase 4 Immediate Versus Deferred Start of Anti-HIV Therapy in HIV-Infected Adults Being Treated for Tuberculosis Completed
  8. Phase 4 Xpert MTB/Rif, a New Tool for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Two Municipalities in Brazil Completed
  9. Phase 4 Effect of Weight and/or Obesity on Ethambutol Drug Concentrations Completed
  10. Phase 4 Tuberculosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Immune Reconstitution Syndrome Trial (THIRST) Completed
  11. Phase 3 Three Months of Weekly Rifapentine and Isoniazid for M. Tuberculosis Infection Completed
  12. Phase 3 Tuberculosis Treatment Shortening Trial Completed
  13. Phase 3 Treatment of Latent TB Infection for Jailed Persons Completed
  14. Phase 2 Safety and Immunogenicity of a Candidate Tuberculosis (TB) Vaccine in Healthy HIV Negative Adolescents Completed
  15. Phase 2 DAR-901 TB Booster Vaccine to Prevent TB in Adolescents Completed
  16. Phase 2 Safety and Immunogenicity of AERAS-402 in HIV-infected, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-Vaccinated Adults Completed
  17. Phase 2 Statin Adjunctive Therapy for TB Completed
  18. Phase 2 Safety and Immunogenicity Study of GSK Biologicals Tuberculosis Vaccines (692342) to Healthy Adults Completed
  19. Phase 2 Evaluating PK, Tolerability, and Safety of Rifapentine and Isoniazid in Pregnant and Postpartum Women Completed
  20. Phase 2 Infant TB Infection Prevention Study Completed
  21. Phase 2 Standard Versus Double Dose Dolutegravir in Patients With HIV-associated Tuberculosis Completed
  22. Phase 2 A Study of MVA85A in Healthy Infants Completed
  23. Phase 2 Early Bactericidal Activity of Linezolid, Gatifloxacin, Levofloxacin, Isoniazid (INH) and Moxifloxacin in HIV Negative Adults With Initial Episodes of Sputum Smear-Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Completed
  24. Phase 2 Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) Biologicals' Candidate Tuberculosis (TB) Vaccine in Adults Completed
  25. Phase 2 Essentiality of INH in TB Therapy Completed
  26. Phase 2 Phase IIa Clinical Study of Recombinant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Allergen ESAT6-CFP10 Completed
  27. Phase 2 Safety and Immunogenicity of 2 Formulations of Tuberculosis Vaccine GSK692342 Given at 0,1 Months to Healthy Adults Completed
  28. Phase 2 Safety and Immunogenicity Study of a Candidate Tuberculosis Vaccine in Healthy Infants Completed
  29. Phase 2 Trial of High-Dose Rifampin in Patients With TB Completed
  30. Phase 2 Evaluation of Safety, Immunogenicity, and Prevention of TB With AERAS-404 and BCG Revaccination in Healthy Adolescents Completed
  31. Phase 2 Safety and Immunogenicity Study of a Candidate Tuberculosis Vaccine in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Positive Adults Completed
  32. Phase 2 Metronidazole for Pulmonary Tuberculosis (South Korea) Completed
  33. Phase 2 An Early Bactericidal Activity, Safety and Tolerability of GSK3036656 in Subjects With Drug-sensitive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Completed
  34. Phase 2 Efficacy Against TB Disease, Safety, and Immunogenicity of MVA85A/AERAS-485 in HIV-Infected Adults (C-030-485) Completed
  35. Phase 2 PK Study of Rifampicin Interactions With DMPA and Efavirenz in TB Completed
  36. Phase 2 Linezolid Dosing Strategies in Drug-Resistant TB Completed
  37. Phase 2 TMC207-TiDP13-C208: Anti-bacterial Activity, Safety, and Tolerability of TMC207 in Participants With Multi-drug Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Completed
  38. Phase 2 A Clinical Trial of the Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Hematologic Effects of Imatinib on Myelopoiesis in Adults When Given With and Without Isoniazid and Rifabutin Completed
  39. Phase 2 Study of AERAS-402 in Healthy Infants Completed
  40. Phase 2 High-Dose Isoniazid Among Adult Patients With Different Genetic Variants of INH-Resistant Tuberculosis (TB) Completed
  41. Phase 2 Pharmacokinetic Study to Evaluate Double-Dose Levonorgestrel Emergency Contraception in Combination With Efavirenz-Based Antiretroviral Therapy or Rifampicin-Containing Anti-Tuberculosis Therapy Completed
  42. Phase 2 Effects of Interferon-Gamma on Cavitary Pulmonary Tuberculosis in the Lungs Completed
  43. Phase 2 Moxifloxacin As Part of a Multi-Drug Regimen For Tuberculosis Completed
  44. Phase 2 A Phase 2 to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Combinations of Bedaquiline, Moxifloxacin, PA-824 and Pyrazinamide in Adult Subjects With Drug-Sensitive or Multi Drug-Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Completed

Showing the 50 most-cited and recently-updated of 108 trials. Browse the full registry →

Trial data sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. Counts describe the research landscape and are not a treatment recommendation. Informational only — not medical advice.

Tuberculosis: current evidence & treatments

Digital health interventions, particularly video observed therapy, improve treatment success and adherence in adults with tuberculosis compared to directly observed therapy (RR 1.18; 95% CI 1.02-1.37) 1. For drug-resistant tuberculosis, linezolid-containing regimens reduce unfavorable outcomes (RD -0.150; 95% CI -0.211 to -0.089) and increase sputum culture conversion (RD 0.047; 95% CI 0.003 to 0.092) 11. The BPaLM regimen for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis with cerebral or bone involvement shows mixed outcomes, with one patient completing treatment without relapse at 1 year and another discontinuing due to adverse events 7.

Comorbidities significantly influence tuberculosis outcomes. People living with HIV have reduced odds of post-tuberculosis lung disease (OR 0.68; 95% CI 0.52-0.89), while undernutrition increases odds (OR 1.99; 95% CI 1.02-3.87) 3. Diabetes is associated with impaired immune control of tuberculosis pathogenesis 21. In HIV-related sepsis, immediate antituberculosis therapy did not reduce mortality compared to waiting for diagnosis 4. Tuberculosis prevalence is higher among people living with HIV in Africa 22.

Diagnostic tools show variable accuracy. MiniDock MTB on sputum swabs has high specificity (96.8%-98.8%) and good agreement with Xpert (Kappa 0.84) [12,14]. Digital chest radiography with computer-aided detection has variable sensitivity for asymptomatic tuberculosis 13. Tongue swab testing with Xpert Ultra shows promise in adolescents 18. Multiplex PCR assays achieve 100% sensitivity and specificity for MTBc detection 20. A 3D ResNeXt classifier on CT imaging distinguishes nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease from pulmonary tuberculosis with AUC 0.89 25.

Key drugs in the evidence

rifampin 4 Isoniazid 2 ethambutol 2 antiretrovirals 1 pyrazinamide 1 quinupristin/dalfopristin 1 azacitidine 1 ceftriaxone 1 carbapenems 1 venetoclax 1

Latest findings

AI-generated synthesis of 14 cited studies, updated Jun 12, 2026. How we use AI.

HCP Mode — summaries include clinical detail, trial data, and statistical outcomes.
Patient Mode — summaries use plain language, avoiding clinical jargon.
Video observed therapy improves treatment success and adherence in adults with tuberculosis
Rheumatology Meta-analysis
Video observed therapy improves treatment success and adherence in adults with tuberculosis Digital Tools Show Better Success Rates for Tuberculosis Treatment
This network meta-analysis of 29 randomized controlled trials evaluated digital health interventions for tuberculosis. Video observed therap…
Video observed therapy shows higher success and adherence rates for patients with tuberculosis compared to traditional face-to-face methods.
Frontiers Jun 9, 2026
Water buffalo act as reservoirs for infectious diseases in mixed livestock systems
Infectious Disease Meta-analysis
Water buffalo act as reservoirs for infectious diseases in mixed livestock systems Water Buffalo May Spread Diseases to Other Livestock
This systematic review analyzes 180 articles regarding infectious diseases in water buffalo. The authors conclude that these animals are inc…
A review of 180 articles suggests water buffalo act as disease reservoirs, meaning they can pass infections to other animals in mixed farmin…
Frontiers Jun 7, 2026
HIV linked to lower odds of post-TB lung disease; undernutrition raises risk
Infectious Disease Meta-analysis
HIV linked to lower odds of post-TB lung disease; undernutrition raises risk Undernutrition and HIV may lower or raise lung damage risk after tuberculosis in low-income nations
This systematic review and meta-analysis of 41 studies in LMICs found that HIV was associated with reduced odds of spirometry-defined post-t…
New analysis of data from low-income countries shows mixed results on how HIV, diabetes, and poor nutrition affect lung health after tubercu…
Jun 5, 2026
Immediate antituberculosis therapy did not reduce mortality in HIV-related sepsis overall
Infectious Disease RCT
Immediate antituberculosis therapy did not reduce mortality in HIV-related sepsis overall Immediate TB treatment helps only those with confirmed infection in HIV sepsis
This trial investigated whether starting antituberculosis treatment immediately or using high doses improved survival in adults with HIV-rel…
In HIV sepsis, starting TB drugs immediately did not lower death rates overall, but helped only patients later confirmed to have TB.
Jun 1, 2026
Ethambutol optic neuropathy incidence 1.54 percent with renal impairment and hypertension as key risk factors
Ophthalmology Meta-analysis
Ethambutol optic neuropathy incidence 1.54 percent with renal impairment and hypertension as key risk factors Kidney disease and high blood pressure raise risk of vision loss from TB drug
This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized evidence on ethambutol optic neuropathy and tuberculous meningitis complications. The p…
A massive review of over 260,000 patients found that kidney problems and high blood pressure make vision loss from the TB drug ethambutol mu…
Frontiers May 29, 2026
Narrative review on vitamin D and VDR in gastrointestinal and pulmonary diseases
Nutrition & Obesity Medicine Sys. Review
Narrative review on vitamin D and VDR in gastrointestinal and pulmonary diseases Vitamin D's Role in Gut and Lung Health Examined
This narrative review synthesizes evidence on vitamin D deficiency and VDR expression across gastrointestinal and pulmonary conditions. The …
A review explores how vitamin D deficiency and VDR expression may influence digestive and respiratory diseases, but more research is needed.
Frontiers May 18, 2026
Case report review: BPaLM for MDR-TB with cerebral or bone involvement shows mixed outcomes
Drug Pipeline Sys. Review
Case report review: BPaLM for MDR-TB with cerebral or bone involvement shows mixed outcomes New Drug Regimen Shows Promise For Rare Bone And Brain TB Cases
This review of a case report describes two patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) involving cerebral or bone sites treated …
A new short drug combo cleared bone and brain TB in one patient but side effects stopped treatment for another.
Frontiers May 12, 2026
Systematic review and meta-analysis of MDR-TB prevalence in the MENA region
Infectious Disease Meta-analysis
Systematic review and meta-analysis of MDR-TB prevalence in the MENA region TB drug resistance in Middle East and North Africa
This meta-analysis of 25 studies from 6 countries synthesized the prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in the MENA region. The poo…
A review of 25 studies found about 3.5% of TB patients in the region have drug-resistant strains. The findings highlight a need for stronger…
May 9, 2026
Meta-analysis of dolutegravir-based ART and risk-stratified HIV care in Uganda
Primary Care & Family Medicine Meta-analysis
Meta-analysis of dolutegravir-based ART and risk-stratified HIV care in Uganda HIV Treatment Works Better Now, But One Problem Remains
This meta-analysis and cohort review examined viral non-suppression rates among people with HIV in Uganda receiving dolutegravir-based ART. …
New HIV drugs are highly effective, yet thousands of patients in Uganda still have uncontrolled virus, and a fresh approach using routine da…
Frontiers May 4, 2026
Expert consensus guidelines for N-acetylcysteine use in various respiratory conditions
Rheumatology Guideline
Expert consensus guidelines for N-acetylcysteine use in various respiratory conditions Experts share new guidance on using N-acetylcysteine for lung health
This expert consensus guideline reviews the clinical utility of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) across several respiratory diseases. The authors sugg…
Medical experts have reached a consensus on how a specific supplement might help people managing various chronic lung diseases.
Frontiers May 4, 2026
Digital chest radiography with CAD shows variable sensitivity for asymptomatic tuberculosis in South African adults
Infectious Disease Cohort
Digital chest radiography with CAD shows variable sensitivity for asymptomatic tuberculosis in South African adults Digital scans miss many silent tuberculosis cases in South Africa adults
This cohort study evaluated digital chest radiography (dCXR) read by blinded human readers and qXR CAD in 1353 adults in South Africa.
New data from South Africa shows digital scans and computer tools miss many silent tuberculosis cases, raising questions about current scree…
medRxiv May 1, 2026
Meta-analysis shows linezolid-containing regimens for multidrug/rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis
Infectious Disease Meta-analysis
Meta-analysis shows linezolid-containing regimens for multidrug/rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis Linezolid helps treat drug resistant tuberculosis
This meta-analysis of 3019 patients evaluates the efficacy and safety of linezolid-containing regimens compared to standard of care for…
New evidence shows that adding linezolid to treatment helps patients with drug resistant tuberculosis achieve better health outcomes.
May 1, 2026

Questions about Tuberculosis

What factors help differentiate non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease from tuberculosis in patients?

NTM lung disease is more likely in older patients with bronchiectasis, COPD, or diabetes, and often shows thin-walled cavities on CT; TB-IGRA is usually negative in NTM.

Full answer →

All Tuberculosis Articles