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Home › Conditions › Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis

Subtypes of Tuberculosis

Pulmonary Tuberculosis 8 Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis 7 Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection 3 Rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis 3 Tuberculous meningitis 3 Bone tuberculosis 1 Cerebral tuberculosis 1 Latent Tuberculosis Infection 1 Lymph node tuberculosis 1 Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis 1 Post-tuberculosis lung disease 1 Renal Tuberculosis 1 Spinal Tuberculosis 1 Extrapulmonary tuberculosis 0 Meningeal Tuberculosis 0 Tuberculous psoas abscesses 0 Tuberculous serous effusions 0

75 published articles · Updated continuously

Clinical Trial Landscape

Clinical Trials for Tuberculosis

108 trials tracked for Tuberculosis: 19 in phase 3 or 4 and 10 with published results. The most-cited published study has 557 citations.

108Trials tracked
19Phase 3 & 4
0Recruiting
10With published results
Phase distribution
Phase 4 12 Phase 3 7 Phase 2 41 Phase 1 15 Other / NA 33
  1. Phase 3 Various Doses and Durations of Linezolid Plus Bedaquiline & Pretomanid in Participants With Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Completed · 557 cited
  2. Phase 3 Brief Rifapentine-Isoniazid Evaluation for TB Prevention (BRIEF TB) Completed · 369 cited
  3. Phase 4 Study of Limited Versus Continuous Isoniazid Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy in HIV-infected Persons in Botswana Completed · 357 cited
  4. Phase 4 Evaluating the Safety of Immediate Versus Deferred Isoniazid Preventive Therapy Among HIV-Infected Pregnant Women Completed · 122 cited
  5. Phase 4 Wirelessly Observed Therapy in Comparison to Directly Observed Therapy for the Treatment of Tuberculosis Completed · 92 cited
  6. Phase 3 Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of BPaMZ in Drug-Sensitive (DS-TB) Adult Patients and Drug-Resistant (DR-TB) Adult Patients Completed · 53 cited
Show 44 more trials
  1. Phase 3 TBTC Study 31: Rifapentine-containing Tuberculosis Treatment Shortening Regimens Completed · 26 cited
  2. Phase 4 Effect of Weight and/or Obesity on Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim Concentrations Completed · 14 cited
  3. Phase 4 Alcohol Drinkers' Exposure to Preventive Therapy for TB (ADEPTT) Completed · 11 cited
  4. Phase 4 Ultra Curto (Ultra Short) TB Prevention Therapy Completed · 1 cited
  5. Phase 4 Effect of Weight and/or Obesity on Dapsone Drug Concentrations Completed
  6. Phase 4 Rifampin and the Contraceptive Implant Completed
  7. Phase 4 Immediate Versus Deferred Start of Anti-HIV Therapy in HIV-Infected Adults Being Treated for Tuberculosis Completed
  8. Phase 4 Xpert MTB/Rif, a New Tool for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Two Municipalities in Brazil Completed
  9. Phase 4 Effect of Weight and/or Obesity on Ethambutol Drug Concentrations Completed
  10. Phase 4 Tuberculosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Immune Reconstitution Syndrome Trial (THIRST) Completed
  11. Phase 3 Three Months of Weekly Rifapentine and Isoniazid for M. Tuberculosis Infection Completed
  12. Phase 3 Tuberculosis Treatment Shortening Trial Completed
  13. Phase 3 Treatment of Latent TB Infection for Jailed Persons Completed
  14. Phase 2 Safety and Immunogenicity of a Candidate Tuberculosis (TB) Vaccine in Healthy HIV Negative Adolescents Completed
  15. Phase 2 DAR-901 TB Booster Vaccine to Prevent TB in Adolescents Completed
  16. Phase 2 Safety and Immunogenicity of AERAS-402 in HIV-infected, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-Vaccinated Adults Completed
  17. Phase 2 Statin Adjunctive Therapy for TB Completed
  18. Phase 2 Safety and Immunogenicity Study of GSK Biologicals Tuberculosis Vaccines (692342) to Healthy Adults Completed
  19. Phase 2 Evaluating PK, Tolerability, and Safety of Rifapentine and Isoniazid in Pregnant and Postpartum Women Completed
  20. Phase 2 Infant TB Infection Prevention Study Completed
  21. Phase 2 Standard Versus Double Dose Dolutegravir in Patients With HIV-associated Tuberculosis Completed
  22. Phase 2 A Study of MVA85A in Healthy Infants Completed
  23. Phase 2 Early Bactericidal Activity of Linezolid, Gatifloxacin, Levofloxacin, Isoniazid (INH) and Moxifloxacin in HIV Negative Adults With Initial Episodes of Sputum Smear-Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Completed
  24. Phase 2 Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) Biologicals' Candidate Tuberculosis (TB) Vaccine in Adults Completed
  25. Phase 2 Essentiality of INH in TB Therapy Completed
  26. Phase 2 Phase IIa Clinical Study of Recombinant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Allergen ESAT6-CFP10 Completed
  27. Phase 2 Safety and Immunogenicity of 2 Formulations of Tuberculosis Vaccine GSK692342 Given at 0,1 Months to Healthy Adults Completed
  28. Phase 2 Safety and Immunogenicity Study of a Candidate Tuberculosis Vaccine in Healthy Infants Completed
  29. Phase 2 Trial of High-Dose Rifampin in Patients With TB Completed
  30. Phase 2 Evaluation of Safety, Immunogenicity, and Prevention of TB With AERAS-404 and BCG Revaccination in Healthy Adolescents Completed
  31. Phase 2 Safety and Immunogenicity Study of a Candidate Tuberculosis Vaccine in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Positive Adults Completed
  32. Phase 2 Metronidazole for Pulmonary Tuberculosis (South Korea) Completed
  33. Phase 2 An Early Bactericidal Activity, Safety and Tolerability of GSK3036656 in Subjects With Drug-sensitive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Completed
  34. Phase 2 Efficacy Against TB Disease, Safety, and Immunogenicity of MVA85A/AERAS-485 in HIV-Infected Adults (C-030-485) Completed
  35. Phase 2 PK Study of Rifampicin Interactions With DMPA and Efavirenz in TB Completed
  36. Phase 2 Linezolid Dosing Strategies in Drug-Resistant TB Completed
  37. Phase 2 TMC207-TiDP13-C208: Anti-bacterial Activity, Safety, and Tolerability of TMC207 in Participants With Multi-drug Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Completed
  38. Phase 2 A Clinical Trial of the Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Hematologic Effects of Imatinib on Myelopoiesis in Adults When Given With and Without Isoniazid and Rifabutin Completed
  39. Phase 2 Study of AERAS-402 in Healthy Infants Completed
  40. Phase 2 High-Dose Isoniazid Among Adult Patients With Different Genetic Variants of INH-Resistant Tuberculosis (TB) Completed
  41. Phase 2 Pharmacokinetic Study to Evaluate Double-Dose Levonorgestrel Emergency Contraception in Combination With Efavirenz-Based Antiretroviral Therapy or Rifampicin-Containing Anti-Tuberculosis Therapy Completed
  42. Phase 2 Effects of Interferon-Gamma on Cavitary Pulmonary Tuberculosis in the Lungs Completed
  43. Phase 2 Moxifloxacin As Part of a Multi-Drug Regimen For Tuberculosis Completed
  44. Phase 2 A Phase 2 to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Combinations of Bedaquiline, Moxifloxacin, PA-824 and Pyrazinamide in Adult Subjects With Drug-Sensitive or Multi Drug-Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Completed

Showing the 50 most-cited and recently-updated of 108 trials. Browse the full registry →

Trial data sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. Counts describe the research landscape and are not a treatment recommendation. Informational only — not medical advice.

Tuberculosis: current evidence & treatments

Digital health interventions, particularly video observed therapy, improve treatment success and adherence in adults with tuberculosis compared to directly observed therapy (RR 1.18; 95% CI 1.02-1.37) 1. For drug-resistant tuberculosis, linezolid-containing regimens reduce unfavorable outcomes (RD -0.150; 95% CI -0.211 to -0.089) and increase sputum culture conversion (RD 0.047; 95% CI 0.003 to 0.092) 11. The BPaLM regimen for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis with cerebral or bone involvement shows mixed outcomes, with one patient completing treatment without relapse at 1 year and another discontinuing due to adverse events 7.

Comorbidities significantly influence tuberculosis outcomes. People living with HIV have reduced odds of post-tuberculosis lung disease (OR 0.68; 95% CI 0.52-0.89), while undernutrition increases odds (OR 1.99; 95% CI 1.02-3.87) 3. Diabetes is associated with impaired immune control of tuberculosis pathogenesis 21. In HIV-related sepsis, immediate antituberculosis therapy did not reduce mortality compared to waiting for diagnosis 4. Tuberculosis prevalence is higher among people living with HIV in Africa 22.

Diagnostic tools show variable accuracy. MiniDock MTB on sputum swabs has high specificity (96.8%-98.8%) and good agreement with Xpert (Kappa 0.84) [12,14]. Digital chest radiography with computer-aided detection has variable sensitivity for asymptomatic tuberculosis 13. Tongue swab testing with Xpert Ultra shows promise in adolescents 18. Multiplex PCR assays achieve 100% sensitivity and specificity for MTBc detection 20. A 3D ResNeXt classifier on CT imaging distinguishes nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease from pulmonary tuberculosis with AUC 0.89 25.

Key drugs in the evidence

rifampin 4 ethambutol 2 Isoniazid 2 ceftriaxone 1 carbapenems 1 venetoclax 1 cefoperazone/sulbactam 1 paclitaxel 1 dolutegravir 1 amikacin 1

Latest findings

AI-generated synthesis of 14 cited studies, updated Jun 12, 2026. How we use AI.

HCP Mode — summaries include clinical detail, trial data, and statistical outcomes.
Patient Mode — summaries use plain language, avoiding clinical jargon.
Systematic review and meta-analysis shows reduced lung function in children with post-tuberculosis treatment compared to healthy controls
Pediatrics Meta-analysis
Systematic review and meta-analysis shows reduced lung function in children with post-tuberculosis treatment compared to healthy controls Children treated for TB may face lasting lung damage
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated pooled mean z-scores for FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC ratio in children (≤18 years) with pulmo…
Kids treated for TB can have lasting lung problems, even after recovery, a new analysis finds.
Frontiers Apr 23, 2026
Systematic review and meta-analysis of AI/ML models for TB treatment failure prediction
Infectious Disease Meta-analysis
Systematic review and meta-analysis of AI/ML models for TB treatment failure prediction AI models show potential to predict tuberculosis treatment outcomes
This systematic review and meta-analysis of 100,790 patients evaluated AI/ML-based prediction models for tuberculosis treatment failure.
Artificial intelligence tools show promise for predicting tuberculosis treatment failure in large patient groups worldwide.
medRxiv Apr 23, 2026
Retrospective Study Shows 3D ResNeXt Classifier Distinguishes NTM-LD from PTB in 409 Patients
Pulmonology & Critical Care Cohort
Retrospective Study Shows 3D ResNeXt Classifier Distinguishes NTM-LD from PTB in 409 Patients New AI Tool Helps Doctors Tell Two Lung Infections Apart
This retrospective cohort study evaluated a 3D ResNeXt-based deep learning classifier in 409 patients with microbiologically confirmed diagn…
A new computer program can help doctors tell two similar lung diseases apart using CT scans.
Frontiers Apr 23, 2026
Narrative review examines silicate pneumoconiosis mechanisms and epidemiological links to tuberculosis
Rheumatology Sys. Review
Narrative review examines silicate pneumoconiosis mechanisms and epidemiological links to tuberculosis Why Everyday Dust Might Be Harming Your Breathing
This narrative review explores silicate pneumoconiosis and silicosis, covering human and animal populations globally.
Common dust from volcanoes and soil scars lungs just like factory work, raising risks for everyone living near these areas.
Frontiers Apr 21, 2026
Phase 1 trial shows ESAT6-MPT64 skin test safe with high sensitivity for active TB
Allergy & Immunology Cohort
Phase 1 trial shows ESAT6-MPT64 skin test safe with high sensitivity for active TB New TB Skin Test Shows Promise in Early Human Trial
A Phase 1 randomized clinical trial in 60 participants (30 healthy controls, 30 active TB patients) found the recombinant ESAT6-MPT64 skin t…
A new skin test for tuberculosis proved safe and accurately identified active cases in the first human trial, offering a simpler, cheaper al…
Frontiers Apr 21, 2026
Modelling analysis review estimates TB cases and deaths averted by screening in ten Asian countries
Infectious Disease
Modelling analysis review estimates TB cases and deaths averted by screening in ten Asian countries A $12 Billion Plan to Save Millions from Tuberculosis
This modelling analysis review evaluates the epidemiological impact and cost implications of scaling up tuberculosis screening across ten hi…
AI scans in communities could save millions of lives by finding silent tuberculosis cases in ten high-risk Asian countries before they sprea…
medRxiv Apr 19, 2026
Narrative review assesses AI/ML adherence prediction in chronic disease patients globally with noted limitations
Oncology Cohort
Narrative review assesses AI/ML adherence prediction in chronic disease patients globally with noted limitations AI Can Now Predict Who Will Stop Taking Their Medication — Before They Do
This narrative review evaluates artificial intelligence and machine learning approaches for prospective adherence risk prediction in chronic…
AI tools can now predict which patients with chronic diseases like diabetes or HIV will stop taking their medication before it happens, allo…
Frontiers Apr 18, 2026
Case report and literature review on concurrent t-AML and LNTB treated with chemoimmunotherapy
Oncology Sys. Review
Case report and literature review on concurrent t-AML and LNTB treated with chemoimmunotherapy Two Rare Diseases Strike After Lung Cancer Treatment
This case report and literature review describes the management of a 54-year-old male with locally advanced lung squamous cell carcinoma, th…
A lung cancer patient treated with chemo and immunotherapy developed two rare diseases simultaneously: a new blood cancer and tuberculosis.
Frontiers Apr 16, 2026
Review of food insecurity and delayed TB treatment initiation in Botswana
Infectious Disease
Review of food insecurity and delayed TB treatment initiation in Botswana Hungry Minds: Why Poverty Delays TB Care
This observational review examined food insecurity and delayed TB treatment initiation among 180 people newly diagnosed with TB in Gaborone,…
Fixing hunger alone might not be enough; we must also treat the sadness and worry that keep patients from seeking help.
medRxiv Apr 16, 2026
Cerebral infarction common in tuberculous meningitis and linked to disease severity and arterial occlusion
Neurology RCT
Cerebral infarction common in tuberculous meningitis and linked to disease severity and arterial occlusion Could blood thinners or specific treatments make brain strokes worse in severe meningitis?
This secondary analysis of the ACT-TBM randomized trial examined 226 patients with tuberculous meningitis at two tertiary centers in India.
Patients with tuberculous meningitis and blocked arteries were much more likely to develop strokes, especially if they received modified tub…
Apr 15, 2026
Review examines type VII secretion system roles in Mycobacterium tuberculosis immune evasion
Infectious Disease Sys. Review
Review examines type VII secretion system roles in Mycobacterium tuberculosis immune evasion How tuberculosis bacteria hide from your immune system using special tools
This narrative review synthesizes evidence on Mycobacterium tuberculosis type VII secretion system (ESX-associated genes) functions.
Tuberculosis bacteria use secret tools to steal iron, hide inside your cells, and slip past immune guards to cause serious illness.
Frontiers Apr 15, 2026
Retrospective study finds low resistance to key antibiotics in TB patients with UTIs
Infectious Disease Cohort
Retrospective study finds low resistance to key antibiotics in TB patients with UTIs When TB Treatment Hits a Wall: The Hidden Bladder Problem
A retrospective cohort study of 1,151 bacterial strains from tuberculosis patients with urinary tract infections at a single hospital found …
Tuberculosis patients with urinary infections face drug-resistant bacteria, but a five-year hospital review reveals which antibiotics still …
Frontiers Apr 15, 2026

Questions about Tuberculosis

What factors help differentiate non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease from tuberculosis in patients?

NTM lung disease is more likely in older patients with bronchiectasis, COPD, or diabetes, and often shows thin-walled cavities on CT; TB-IGRA is usually negative in NTM.

Full answer →