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Home › Conditions › Pneumonia

Pneumonia

Subtypes of Pneumonia

Community-Acquired Pneumonia 15 Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia 10 Klebsiella pneumoniae infection 6 Bacterial pneumonia 4 Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection 4 Ventilator-associated pneumonia 4 Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Infection 2 Hospital-acquired pneumonia 2 Influenza A virus pneumonia 2 Multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection 2 Carbapenem-resistant Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae infection 1 Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia 1 COVID-19 pneumonia 1 Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae infection 1 Inflammatory pneumonia 1 Interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features 1 Macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia 1 Moderate to Severe Pneumonia 1 Necrotizing pneumonia 1 Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia 1 Trauma-associated pneumonia 1 Viral pneumonia 1 Acute Lipoid Pneumonia 0 Anthrax Pneumonia 0 Bronchopneumonia 0 Chlamydia pneumoniae infection 0 Chlamydial pneumonia 0

83 published articles · Updated continuously

Clinical Trial Landscape

Clinical Trials for Pneumonia

57 trials tracked for Pneumonia: 16 in phase 3 or 4 and 7 with published results. The most-cited published study has 151 citations.

57Trials tracked
16Phase 3 & 4
0Recruiting
7With published results
Phase distribution
Phase 4 7 Phase 3 9 Phase 2 11 Phase 1 3 Other / NA 27
  1. Phase 4 Trial to Evaluate Beta-Lactam Antimicrobial Therapy of Community Acquired Pneumonia in Children Completed · 151 cited
  2. Phase 3 Trial for the Treatment of Extensively Drug-Resistant Gram-negative Bacilli (OVERCOME) Completed · 144 cited
  3. Phase 3 Effectiveness of Etanercept for Idiopathic Pneumonia Syndrome Following Stem Cell Transplantation (BMT CTN 0403) Completed · 92 cited
  4. Phase 3 Tedizolid Phosphate (TR-701 FA, MK-1986) vs Linezolid for the Treatment of Nosocomial Pneumonia (MK-1986-002) Completed · 56 cited
  5. Phase 4 Rapid Empiric Treatment With Oseltamivir Study (RETOS) Completed · 44 cited
  6. Phase 4 Trial of Injected Liposomal Bupivacaine vs Bupivacaine Infusion After Surgical Stabilization of Rib Fractures Completed · 10 cited
Show 44 more trials
  1. Phase 4 Genomics and Epigenomics of the Elderly Response to Pneumococcal Vaccines Completed · 4 cited
  2. Phase 4 Multicenter Infection Surveillance Study Following Open Heart Surgery Completed
  3. Phase 4 Population Pharmacokinetics of Prolonged Infusion Meropenem in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Children Completed
  4. Phase 4 PROUD Study: A Prospective Study on the Usage Patterns of Doripenem in the Asia Pacific Region Completed
  5. Phase 3 Amoxicillin Versus Benzyl Penicillin for Treatment of Children Hospitalised With Severe Pneumonia Completed
  6. Phase 3 Safety and Effectiveness of Two Blood Transfusion Strategies in Surgical Patients With Cardiovascular Disease Completed
  7. Phase 3 Study Comparing the Safety and Efficacy of Cethromycin to Clarithromycin for the Treatment of Community-Acquired Pneumonia Completed
  8. Phase 3 A Trial to Reduce Pneumonia in Nursing Home Residents Completed
  9. Phase 3 Study Comparing the Safety and Efficacy of Cethromycin to Clarithromycin for the Treatment of Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) Completed
  10. Phase 3 CHIZAP: Community- and Health Facility-Based Intervention With Zinc as Adjuvant Therapy for Childhood Pneumonia Completed
  11. Phase 2 A Study of Auxora in Patients With Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia Completed
  12. Phase 2 An Effectiveness, Safety, and Microbiology Study of Doripenem in Patients With Nosocomial (Hospital-acquired) Pneumonia Completed
  13. Phase 2 Convalescent Plasma for Treatment of COVID-19 Patients With Pneumonia Completed
  14. Phase 2 A Safety and Tolerability Study of Doripenem in Patients With Abdominal Infections or Pneumonia Completed
  15. Phase 2 Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Infusion With Nemonoxacin Malate Sodium Chloride Completed
  16. Phase 2 Effect of Improved Oral Hygiene to Prevent Pneumonia in Hospitalized Patients Completed
  17. Phase 2 A Study of a Vaccine for Pneumonia in Adults and Toddlers in Kenya Completed
  18. Phase 2 Mavrilimumab to Reduce Progression of Acute Respiratory Failure in COVID-19 Pneumonia and Systemic Hyper-inflammation Completed
  19. Phase 2 Mavrilimumab to Reduce Progression of Acute Respiratory Failure in COVID-19 Pneumonia and Systemic Hyper-inflammation Completed
  20. Phase 2 Steroid Dosing by bioMARker Guided Titration in Critically Ill Patients With Pneumonia Completed
  21. Phase 2 Mavrilimumab to Reduce Progression of Acute Respiratory Failure in COVID-19 Pneumonia and Systemic Hyper-inflammation Completed
  22. Phase 1 A Study To Investigate The Pharmacokinetics, Safety And Tolerability Of An Intravenous And Oral Form Of A Compound In Subjects With Varying Degrees Of Renal Impairment And Normal Renal Function Completed
  23. Phase 1 Plasma Pharmacokinetics (PK) & Lung Penetration of Ceftolozane/Tazobactam in Participants With Pneumonia (MK-7625A-007) Completed
  24. Phase 1 Procalcitonin to Reduce Antibiotic Use in Pediatric Pneumonia Completed
  25. N/A PATient Navigator to rEduce Readmissions Completed
  26. N/A Prophylactic Bronchoscopy After Inhalation Injury in Burn Patients Completed
  27. N/A Improving Oral Care to Reduce Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (HAP) in the Acute Neurologically Impaired Adult Completed
  28. N/A Detection of Microorganisms and Antibiotic Resistance Genes Using the Curetis Unyvero LRT55 Application Completed
  29. N/A Flublok v. Standard Dose Vaccine Effectiveness Among Kaiser Permanente Northern California Adults 18-64 Years Completed
  30. N/A Zambia Integrated Management of Malaria and Pneumonia Study Completed
  31. N/A Specialized Community Disease Management to Reduce Substance Use and Hospital Readmissions Completed
  32. N/A PK Analysis of Moxifloxacin in the Treatment of CAP Completed
  33. N/A Reducing Length of Stay for Veterans Hospitalized With Pneumonia Completed
  34. N/A Special Use-Result Surveillance of Unasyn-S (Kit) for Intravenous Use - A Surveillance on High-dose (>6 g Daily) Administration - Completed
  35. N/A A Study To Learn About The Effects Of Pneumococcal Vaccine In People With HIV Completed
  36. N/A Prophylactic Efficacy of Relenza Against Influenza A and B Completed
  37. N/A The INSPIRE-ASP PNA Trial Completed
  38. N/A Inspiratory Strength and Respiratory Complications After SCI Injury Completed
  39. N/A The Place of Imaging and Microbiology in the Diagnosis of Pneumonia in the Elderly Completed
  40. N/A Clinical Outcomes of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Hospital-Based Pneumonia Completed
  41. N/A The Effect of Postoperative Incentive Spirometry on Pulmonary Function and Pulmonary Complications in Bariatric Surgery Completed
  42. N/A Diagnostic Use of Lung Ultrasound for Suspected Pneumonia in Nepal Completed
  43. N/A Evaluation of Implementation of a National Point-of-Care Ultrasound Training Program Completed
  44. N/A Dissemination and Implementation of a Videoconference Antimicrobial Stewardship Team Completed

Showing the 50 most-cited and recently-updated of 57 trials. Browse the full registry →

Trial data sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. Counts describe the research landscape and are not a treatment recommendation. Informational only — not medical advice.

What the trials found Updated — new results For clinicians

Pneumonia: what the trials found

Several pharmacological interventions have been evaluated for pneumonia. Amoxicillin demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in the Desirability of Outcome Ranking (DOOR) 2, while its use in another trial showed no significant difference in treatment failure at 48 hours or mortality/readmission at 14 days 13. Cethromycin was evaluated across two trials; neither study found a statistically significant difference in clinical cures between groups [16, 17].

Other investigated agents include oseltamivir, which showed no significant differences in clinical failure, ICU transfer within 24 hours, or re-hospitalization 3. Meropenem 7, doripenem 8, colistin combined with meropenem 9, tedizolid phosphate 11, and etanercept 10 were also studied. Specifically, the combination of colistin and meropenem did not show significant differences in mortality, development of colistin resistance, or clinical failure at the end of therapy 9.

Supportive and preventative measures include the Pneumococcal 13valent Conj Vaccine, which showed a fold change in antibody responses post-vaccination 5, and enhanced oral care 15. A liberal transfusion strategy (10 g/dL) did not result in significant differences in mortality at 30 or 60 days or in lower extremity activities of daily living 14.

Analgesic interventions included opioid-based analgesia 6 and liposomal bupivacaine, the latter of which showed no significant difference in respiratory function scores (SCARF), narcotic requirements, or failure of primary loco-regional analgesia 4.

Recent results — preliminary, needs further review

  • Auxora (Part 1) was evaluated for recovery time and duration of hospital stay 18.
  • Antibiotic use reports were collected regarding the frequency of antibiotic therapy and broad-spectrum antibiotic prescriptions per bed days of care 1.

For the clinician treating this condition

  • Amoxicillin is associated with improved desirability of outcome rankings in specific cohorts 2.
  • Cethromycin and oseltamivir did not demonstrate statistically significant differences in primary clinical outcomes compared to standard treatments in the studied populations [3, 16, 17].
  • Liposomal bupivacaine injection did not significantly impact respiratory function scores or narcotic requirements 4.

AI synthesis of 15 cited trials, updated Jun 26, 2026. Informational only — not medical advice; trial data sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. How we use AI.

HCP Mode — summaries include clinical detail, trial data, and statistical outcomes.
Patient Mode — summaries use plain language, avoiding clinical jargon.
Protocol for comparing azithromycin and doxycycline with beta-lactams in community-acquired pneumonia
Infectious Disease RCT
Protocol for comparing azithromycin and doxycycline with beta-lactams in community-acquired pneumonia New trial to test azithromycin vs doxycycline for pneumonia
This is a protocol for a planned randomized clinical trial involving 1120 adult patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia. No …
A large trial will compare two antibiotic combos for hospitalized pneumonia patients. Which works better?
Jul 28, 2026
AI models provide high accuracy for pulmonary inflammation and COVID-19 detection in diverse populations
Rheumatology Sys. Review
AI models provide high accuracy for pulmonary inflammation and COVID-19 detection in diverse populations Artificial Intelligence Shows Promise for Detecting Lung Inflammation
This mini-review synthesizes evidence on artificial intelligence applications for detecting pulmonary inflammation and managing perioperativ…
New research shows that artificial intelligence tools can accurately identify lung conditions like pneumonia and COVID-19 from medical imagi…
Frontiers Jul 27, 2026
Airway clearance techniques triple odds of treatment success in Chinese pneumonia patients
Rheumatology Meta-analysis
Airway clearance techniques triple odds of treatment success in Chinese pneumonia patients Airway clearance techniques may improve treatment for pneumonia patients
This meta-analysis of RCTs in Chinese adults with pneumonia found that adding airway clearance techniques to conventional treatment signific…
Adding airway clearance to standard care may help Chinese adults with pneumonia breathe better and face fewer complications.
Frontiers Jul 24, 2026
Short-course antibiotic therapy yields comparable clinical and bacteriological success for adults with community-acquired pneumonia
Rheumatology Meta-analysis
Short-course antibiotic therapy yields comparable clinical and bacteriological success for adults with community-acquired pneumonia Shorter antibiotics work just as well for pneumonia
This meta-analysis of 21 RCTs found that short-course antibiotic therapy (≤5 days) provides comparable clinical, bacteriological, and radiol…
For adults with pneumonia, 5 days or less of antibiotics works as well as longer courses, with fewer severe side effects.
Frontiers Jul 19, 2026
AI diagnostic tools show high accuracy but limited real-world validation in systematic review
Oncology Meta-analysis
AI diagnostic tools show high accuracy but limited real-world validation in systematic review Artificial intelligence shows high accuracy in detecting various medical conditions
This systematic review of 24 studies synthesizes evidence on AI and deep learning for disease detection across multiple imaging modalities. …
New analysis of 24 studies shows AI tools can reach over 90% accuracy in spotting everything from lung cancer to skin disorders.
Frontiers Jul 18, 2026
CD4+ T cells and Tim-3 regulate immune responses and cytokine-mediated injury in severe pediatric pneumonia
Gastroenterology Sys. Review
CD4+ T cells and Tim-3 regulate immune responses and cytokine-mediated injury in severe pediatric pneumonia Immune system hurdles shape severity of severe childhood pneumonia
This narrative review examines how CD4+ T cells, Tim-3 (HAVCR2), and cytokines influence the host immune response in severe pneumonia. The a…
New research explores how specific immune cells and proteins may drive the intense inflammation seen in children with severe pneumonia.
Frontiers Jul 17, 2026
Brain-Lung-Immune-Microbiome Axis replaces biomechanical models in understanding ventilator-associated pneumonia after traumatic brain injury
Infectious Disease Sys. Review
Brain-Lung-Immune-Microbiome Axis replaces biomechanical models in understanding ventilator-associated pneumonia after traumatic brain injury New Framework Explains Lung Infections After Brain Injuries
This narrative review explores the transition from a traditional biomechanical model of ventilator-associated pneumonia to a multidimensiona…
A new model suggests that brain injuries create a complex immune and microbiome response that leads to lung infections in intensive care pat…
Frontiers Jul 16, 2026
Adrenergic receptor signaling modulates pulmonary innate immunity and barrier integrity in acute lung injury
Diabetes & Endocrinology Sys. Review
Adrenergic receptor signaling modulates pulmonary innate immunity and barrier integrity in acute lung injury Understanding How Nerve Signals Influence Lung Health During Severe Respiratory Infections
This systematic review synthesizes the role of adrenergic receptors (ARs) as a molecular interface between the sympathetic nervous system an…
New research explores how specific nerve signals help control inflammation and protect the lungs during severe lung infections.
Frontiers Jul 10, 2026
Colistin-based inhalation regimens rank highest for clinical response in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii pneumonia
Infectious Disease Sys. Review
Colistin-based inhalation regimens rank highest for clinical response in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii pneumonia Colistin Inhalation Tops for Drug-Resistant Pneumonia
This network meta-analysis of 1420 patients with multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRAB) pneumonia compared colistin, tigecyclin…
For tough pneumonia, inhaled colistin works best, but sulbactam is a good alternative without the toxicity.
Jul 3, 2026
Nebulised Chinese herbal medicine as adjunctive therapy improves clinical effective rate in pediatric pneumonia
Pediatrics Meta-analysis
Nebulised Chinese herbal medicine as adjunctive therapy improves clinical effective rate in pediatric pneumonia Chinese Herbal Medicine Boosts Pneumonia Treatment in Children
This meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials evaluated nebulised Chinese herbal medicine as an adjunctive therapy for pediatric pneumo…
Adding nebulised Chinese herbal medicine to standard care improved pneumonia recovery in children, a meta-analysis of 1,764 patients found.
Frontiers Jul 3, 2026
Klebsiella pneumoniae shows 44% pooled prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Burkina Faso healthcare settings
Infectious Disease Meta-analysis
Klebsiella pneumoniae shows 44% pooled prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Burkina Faso healthcare settings Antibiotic-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae found in 44% of Burkina Faso cases
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the phenotypic and molecular resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae in healthcare settings i…
A new analysis finds 44% of Klebsiella pneumoniae infections in Burkina Faso hospitals resist antibiotics, with 85% resistant to penicillin.
Jun 27, 2026
No risk score outperformed WHO IMCI criteria for predicting pediatric pneumonia mortality
Infectious Disease RCT
No risk score outperformed WHO IMCI criteria for predicting pediatric pneumonia mortality Risk Scores Do Not Outperform Standard Care for Pneumonia
This secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial evaluated five risk scores in 1010 children with pneumonia across five African coun…
New analysis shows standard clinical tools are just as effective as complex risk scores for predicting pneumonia outcomes in children.
medRxiv Jun 18, 2026

Questions about Pneumonia

Can the SII score tell if a child will get severe pneumonia?

Research shows the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) can help predict severe pneumonia in children, with higher scores indicating greater risk.

Full answer →
Which blood inflammation numbers predict death in severe pneumonia patients?

Several blood inflammation numbers, specifically the Systemic Inflammatory Response Index (SIRI) and the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), are linked to higher death rates in severe pneumonia patients.

Full answer →
Can gut bacteria changes predict sepsis in kids with severe pneumonia?

Changes in gut bacteria can predict sepsis in young children with severe pneumonia, showing distinct microbial patterns that differ between those who develop sepsis and those who do not.

Full answer →
What pneumonia biomarkers are common in Kenyan children?

In Kenyan children with pneumonia, common biomarkers include procalcitonin (PCT), lipocalin 2 (Lpc-2), haptoglobin, angiotensinogen, and Serpin Family A Member 1.

Full answer →
Can exhaled breath tests like AveloMask replace lung swabs for pneumonia?

AveloMask shows promise for detecting pneumonia pathogens but cannot yet replace lung swabs due to lower sensitivity for low-abundance bugs.

Full answer →
See all 5 questions about Pneumonia →

All Pneumonia Articles