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Home › Conditions › Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis

Subtypes of Tuberculosis

Pulmonary Tuberculosis 10 Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis 9 Rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis 4 Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection 3 Tuberculous meningitis 3 Latent Tuberculosis Infection 2 Bone tuberculosis 1 Cerebral tuberculosis 1 Lymph node tuberculosis 1 Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis 1 Post-tuberculosis lung disease 1 Renal Tuberculosis 1 Spinal Tuberculosis 1 Extrapulmonary tuberculosis 0 Meningeal Tuberculosis 0 Tuberculous psoas abscesses 0 Tuberculous serous effusions 0

91 published articles · Updated continuously

Clinical Trial Landscape

Clinical Trials for Tuberculosis

108 trials tracked for Tuberculosis: 19 in phase 3 or 4 and 10 with published results. The most-cited published study has 597 citations.

108Trials tracked
19Phase 3 & 4
0Recruiting
10With published results
Phase distribution
Phase 4 12 Phase 3 7 Phase 2 41 Phase 1 15 Other / NA 33
  1. Phase 3 Various Doses and Durations of Linezolid Plus Bedaquiline & Pretomanid in Participants With Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Completed · 597 cited
  2. Phase 3 Brief Rifapentine-Isoniazid Evaluation for TB Prevention (BRIEF TB) Completed · 377 cited
  3. Phase 4 Study of Limited Versus Continuous Isoniazid Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy in HIV-infected Persons in Botswana Completed · 357 cited
  4. Phase 4 Evaluating the Safety of Immediate Versus Deferred Isoniazid Preventive Therapy Among HIV-Infected Pregnant Women Completed · 124 cited
  5. Phase 4 Wirelessly Observed Therapy in Comparison to Directly Observed Therapy for the Treatment of Tuberculosis Completed · 94 cited
  6. Phase 3 Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of BPaMZ in Drug-Sensitive (DS-TB) Adult Patients and Drug-Resistant (DR-TB) Adult Patients Completed · 60 cited
Show 44 more trials
  1. Phase 3 TBTC Study 31: Rifapentine-containing Tuberculosis Treatment Shortening Regimens Completed · 33 cited
  2. Phase 4 Effect of Weight and/or Obesity on Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim Concentrations Completed · 15 cited
  3. Phase 4 Alcohol Drinkers' Exposure to Preventive Therapy for TB (ADEPTT) Completed · 11 cited
  4. Phase 4 Ultra Curto (Ultra Short) TB Prevention Therapy Completed · 2 cited
  5. Phase 4 Effect of Weight and/or Obesity on Dapsone Drug Concentrations Completed
  6. Phase 4 Rifampin and the Contraceptive Implant Completed
  7. Phase 4 Immediate Versus Deferred Start of Anti-HIV Therapy in HIV-Infected Adults Being Treated for Tuberculosis Completed
  8. Phase 4 Xpert MTB/Rif, a New Tool for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Two Municipalities in Brazil Completed
  9. Phase 4 Effect of Weight and/or Obesity on Ethambutol Drug Concentrations Completed
  10. Phase 4 Tuberculosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Immune Reconstitution Syndrome Trial (THIRST) Completed
  11. Phase 3 Three Months of Weekly Rifapentine and Isoniazid for M. Tuberculosis Infection Completed
  12. Phase 3 Tuberculosis Treatment Shortening Trial Completed
  13. Phase 3 Treatment of Latent TB Infection for Jailed Persons Completed
  14. Phase 2 Safety and Immunogenicity of a Candidate Tuberculosis (TB) Vaccine in Healthy HIV Negative Adolescents Completed
  15. Phase 2 DAR-901 TB Booster Vaccine to Prevent TB in Adolescents Completed
  16. Phase 2 Safety and Immunogenicity of AERAS-402 in HIV-infected, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-Vaccinated Adults Completed
  17. Phase 2 Statin Adjunctive Therapy for TB Completed
  18. Phase 2 Safety and Immunogenicity Study of GSK Biologicals Tuberculosis Vaccines (692342) to Healthy Adults Completed
  19. Phase 2 Evaluating PK, Tolerability, and Safety of Rifapentine and Isoniazid in Pregnant and Postpartum Women Completed
  20. Phase 2 Infant TB Infection Prevention Study Completed
  21. Phase 2 Standard Versus Double Dose Dolutegravir in Patients With HIV-associated Tuberculosis Completed
  22. Phase 2 A Study of MVA85A in Healthy Infants Completed
  23. Phase 2 Early Bactericidal Activity of Linezolid, Gatifloxacin, Levofloxacin, Isoniazid (INH) and Moxifloxacin in HIV Negative Adults With Initial Episodes of Sputum Smear-Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Completed
  24. Phase 2 Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) Biologicals' Candidate Tuberculosis (TB) Vaccine in Adults Completed
  25. Phase 2 Essentiality of INH in TB Therapy Completed
  26. Phase 2 Phase IIa Clinical Study of Recombinant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Allergen ESAT6-CFP10 Completed
  27. Phase 2 Safety and Immunogenicity of 2 Formulations of Tuberculosis Vaccine GSK692342 Given at 0,1 Months to Healthy Adults Completed
  28. Phase 2 Safety and Immunogenicity Study of a Candidate Tuberculosis Vaccine in Healthy Infants Completed
  29. Phase 2 Trial of High-Dose Rifampin in Patients With TB Completed
  30. Phase 2 Evaluation of Safety, Immunogenicity, and Prevention of TB With AERAS-404 and BCG Revaccination in Healthy Adolescents Completed
  31. Phase 2 Safety and Immunogenicity Study of a Candidate Tuberculosis Vaccine in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Positive Adults Completed
  32. Phase 2 Metronidazole for Pulmonary Tuberculosis (South Korea) Completed
  33. Phase 2 An Early Bactericidal Activity, Safety and Tolerability of GSK3036656 in Subjects With Drug-sensitive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Completed
  34. Phase 2 Efficacy Against TB Disease, Safety, and Immunogenicity of MVA85A/AERAS-485 in HIV-Infected Adults (C-030-485) Completed
  35. Phase 2 PK Study of Rifampicin Interactions With DMPA and Efavirenz in TB Completed
  36. Phase 2 Linezolid Dosing Strategies in Drug-Resistant TB Completed
  37. Phase 2 TMC207-TiDP13-C208: Anti-bacterial Activity, Safety, and Tolerability of TMC207 in Participants With Multi-drug Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Completed
  38. Phase 2 A Clinical Trial of the Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Hematologic Effects of Imatinib on Myelopoiesis in Adults When Given With and Without Isoniazid and Rifabutin Completed
  39. Phase 2 Study of AERAS-402 in Healthy Infants Completed
  40. Phase 2 High-Dose Isoniazid Among Adult Patients With Different Genetic Variants of INH-Resistant Tuberculosis (TB) Completed
  41. Phase 2 Pharmacokinetic Study to Evaluate Double-Dose Levonorgestrel Emergency Contraception in Combination With Efavirenz-Based Antiretroviral Therapy or Rifampicin-Containing Anti-Tuberculosis Therapy Completed
  42. Phase 2 Effects of Interferon-Gamma on Cavitary Pulmonary Tuberculosis in the Lungs Completed
  43. Phase 2 Moxifloxacin As Part of a Multi-Drug Regimen For Tuberculosis Completed
  44. Phase 2 A Phase 2 to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Combinations of Bedaquiline, Moxifloxacin, PA-824 and Pyrazinamide in Adult Subjects With Drug-Sensitive or Multi Drug-Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Completed

Showing the 50 most-cited and recently-updated of 108 trials. Browse the full registry →

Trial data sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. Counts describe the research landscape and are not a treatment recommendation. Informational only — not medical advice.

What the trials found Updated — new results For clinicians

Tuberculosis: what the trials found

Isoniazid (INH) is a cornerstone of tuberculosis (TB) preventive therapy. In a large phase 4 trial, INH was associated with a cumulative incidence of grade 3/4 hepatotoxicity of 8.3% 8. Adherence to INH was suboptimal in 31.3% of participants, though self-reported days of intake were high (30/30 days) 8. Another trial found no significant difference in TB treatment completion rates in prison with INH (p=0.08) 4. In pregnant women, INH did not significantly increase fetal death (p=0.093) or prematurity (p=0.288) compared to control 5. A phase 3 trial showed that once-weekly rifapentine (RPT) plus INH for 3 months reduced the cumulative rate of culture-confirmed TB disease at 33 months (0.43% vs 0.19%) 20. A phase 4 trial of rifapentine 600 mg plus INH 300 mg found a trend toward higher treatment completion (>90% adherence) but did not reach significance (p=0.07) 9. Rifampin 600 mg was also studied in a small phase 4 trial 10.

Xpert MTB/Rif, a molecular diagnostic test, significantly increased TB notification rates (notification rate ratio 48.7 vs 30.5, p<0.01) 12. However, it did not significantly affect non-laboratory tested TB (p=0.923) and paradoxically increased negative-laboratory TB notifications (p=0.004) 12. In drug-sensitive TB, a phase 3 trial of pretomanid-containing regimens showed significantly higher culture-negative status by 8 weeks (p<0.001) 18, but rates of unfavorable outcomes (bacteriologic failure, relapse, clinical failure) at 52 weeks were similar across arms 18. Another phase 3 trial of pretomanid also reported comparable unfavorable outcomes at 26 and 78 weeks 16. A phase 3 trial of rifapentine-containing regimens showed a borderline significant difference in grade 3+ adverse events (p=0.05) and faster decline of sputum viable bacilli 19.

Digital health feedback systems improved witnessed doses (92.9% vs 63.1%) in a phase 4 trial 6. In HIV-associated TB, immediate ART did not significantly improve survival without AIDS progression (p=0.45) 14. Fixed-dose combination zidovudine/lamivudine/abacavir achieved HIV RNA <400 copies/ml in 26/31 evaluable patients 15. Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim 7 and dapsone 11 were studied in small phase 4 trials. Ethambutol was associated with fewer bacteriologic/clinical relapses at 30 months (3 vs 13) in a phase 3 trial 22, but another small phase 4 trial 13 did not report comparative outcomes.

Recent results — preliminary, needs further review

  • A recent phase 2 trial of linezolid 600 mg showed a trend toward improved time to 26-week stable culture conversion (p=0.0546) but no significant differences in permanent discontinuation of anti-TB drugs (p=0.58) or linezolid specifically (p=0.82) 2.
  • A large recent trial of choice architecture interventions to increase TB preventive therapy (TPT) initiation in HIV patients found modest improvements: among patients newly starting ART, TPT initiation within 90 days was 70.1% vs 71.5% (not tested for significance); among established ART patients, TPT initiation was 2.1% vs 5.2%; and among TPT-eligible new ART patients, 77.3% vs 78.3% 3.

For the clinician treating this condition

  • Isoniazid remains effective for TB prevention but requires monitoring for hepatotoxicity and adherence support.
  • Rifapentine-based short-course regimens (e.g., once-weekly INH/RPT for 3 months) reduce TB disease incidence and may improve completion.
  • Xpert MTB/Rif increases TB case detection, but its impact on overall notification rates may be offset by increased negative laboratory notifications.

AI synthesis of 19 cited trials, updated Jun 22, 2026. Informational only — not medical advice; trial data sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. How we use AI.

Tuberculosis: current evidence & treatments

Digital health interventions, particularly video observed therapy, improve treatment success and adherence in adults with tuberculosis compared to directly observed therapy (RR 1.18; 95% CI 1.02-1.37) 1. For drug-resistant tuberculosis, linezolid-containing regimens reduce unfavorable outcomes (RD -0.150; 95% CI -0.211 to -0.089) and increase sputum culture conversion (RD 0.047; 95% CI 0.003 to 0.092) 11. The BPaLM regimen for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis with cerebral or bone involvement shows mixed outcomes, with one patient completing treatment without relapse at 1 year and another discontinuing due to adverse events 7.

Comorbidities significantly influence tuberculosis outcomes. People living with HIV have reduced odds of post-tuberculosis lung disease (OR 0.68; 95% CI 0.52-0.89), while undernutrition increases odds (OR 1.99; 95% CI 1.02-3.87) 3. Diabetes is associated with impaired immune control of tuberculosis pathogenesis 21. In HIV-related sepsis, immediate antituberculosis therapy did not reduce mortality compared to waiting for diagnosis 4. Tuberculosis prevalence is higher among people living with HIV in Africa 22.

Diagnostic tools show variable accuracy. MiniDock MTB on sputum swabs has high specificity (96.8%-98.8%) and good agreement with Xpert (Kappa 0.84) [12,14]. Digital chest radiography with computer-aided detection has variable sensitivity for asymptomatic tuberculosis 13. Tongue swab testing with Xpert Ultra shows promise in adolescents 18. Multiplex PCR assays achieve 100% sensitivity and specificity for MTBc detection 20. A 3D ResNeXt classifier on CT imaging distinguishes nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease from pulmonary tuberculosis with AUC 0.89 25.

Key drugs in the evidence

Isoniazid 7 rifampicin 5 ethambutol 5 rifampin 4 pyrazinamide 3 moxifloxacin 2 streptomycin 2 amikacin 2 carboplatin 1 clofazimine 1

Latest findings

AI-generated synthesis of 14 cited studies, updated Jun 12, 2026. How we use AI.

HCP Mode — summaries include clinical detail, trial data, and statistical outcomes.
Patient Mode — summaries use plain language, avoiding clinical jargon.
Diabetes prevalence 22% in Ghanaian TB cohort, associated with older age and higher BMI
Primary Care & Family Medicine Cohort
Diabetes prevalence 22% in Ghanaian TB cohort, associated with older age and higher BMI A Hidden Health Link Doctors Are Now Spotting in Tuberculosis Patients
A prospective cohort study of 204 adults with pulmonary tuberculosis in Ghana found 22.1% had diabetes, with 30 newly diagnosed.
Routine screening for diabetes during tuberculosis treatment is uncovering a silent, widespread connection that could reshape patient care.
Frontiers Apr 11, 2026
Baseline differences observed in HBV-TB versus simple HBV patients receiving anti-tuberculosis treatment
Infectious Disease Cohort
Baseline differences observed in HBV-TB versus simple HBV patients receiving anti-tuberculosis treatment TB Meds Can Wake Up Liver Virus
This retrospective cohort study examined 324 patients with hepatitis B and tuberculosis co-infection or simple hepatitis B infection.
Treating the liver virus before starting TB medication stops dangerous liver flares.
Frontiers Apr 11, 2026
Meta-analysis of 529 samples identifies 108 gene signatures for active tuberculosis diagnosis
Infectious Disease Meta-analysis
Meta-analysis of 529 samples identifies 108 gene signatures for active tuberculosis diagnosis A new AI-powered method finds a clear "signature" of TB in your blood
This meta-analysis of observational transcriptomic data from 529 samples evaluated host-derived transcriptional signatures for active tuberc…
A new AI method finds a clear signature of tuberculosis in your blood, paving the way for faster, more accurate tests for the world's deadli…
Frontiers Apr 10, 2026
Age-period-cohort analysis shows declining bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis incidence in Hunan Province, China, 2009–2023
Pulmonology & Critical Care Cohort
Age-period-cohort analysis shows declining bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis incidence in Hunan Province, China, 2009–2023 For decades, the fight against tuberculosis (TB) has followed a familiar script. But new data reveals the story is changing. The faces of those most vulnerable are shifting in surprising ways
This review analyzed population-based surveillance data from Hunan Province, China, from 2009 to 2023 to assess trends in bacteriologically …
Tuberculosis risk now peaks in young adults and the elderly, with the sharpest rise in the oldest age group, signaling a shift in who needs …
Frontiers Apr 10, 2026
In Blantyre, Malawi, 17.4% of 2895 adolescents and adults aged 10-40 years had positive QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus responses
Infectious Disease
In Blantyre, Malawi, 17.4% of 2895 adolescents and adults aged 10-40 years had positive QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus responses A Simple Blood Test Could Now Reveal Your Hidden Tuberculosis Risk
This community-based survey assessed quantitative interferon gamma release assay responses in 2895 adolescents and adults aged 10-40 years i…
Doctors may soon use a common test to pinpoint who is most likely to spread tuberculosis, allowing for smarter prevention.
medRxiv Apr 10, 2026
Willingness for new TB vaccine is 77% overall, higher in adolescents than adults in southern Mozambique
Infectious Disease
Willingness for new TB vaccine is 77% overall, higher in adolescents than adults in southern Mozambique A New TB Vaccine is Coming. Will People Actually Take It?
This mixed methods study surveyed 151 adults, adolescents, and caregivers in southern Mozambique regarding willingness to receive a new tube…
In places hit hardest by tuberculosis, most people are ready to say "yes" to a new vaccine that could save lives.
medRxiv Apr 10, 2026
Combined radiomics-clinical model improves AP for differentiating pulmonary tuberculosis from non-tuberculous lung lesions on CT
Rheumatology
Combined radiomics-clinical model improves AP for differentiating pulmonary tuberculosis from non-tuberculous lung lesions on CT New CT model may help distinguish tuberculosis from other lung lesions in some patients
This observational study evaluated 900 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis or non-tuberculous solid lung lesions.
A new computer model using CT scans and clinical data outperforms standard methods in distinguishing tuberculosis from other lung lesions in…
Frontiers Apr 9, 2026
Sputum quality does not affect Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra accuracy for tuberculosis diagnosis in multi-country study
Pulmonology & Critical Care
Sputum quality does not affect Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra accuracy for tuberculosis diagnosis in multi-country study Does sputum quality matter for TB testing? A global study suggests maybe not
An observational study of 1855 people with presumptive TB across 7 countries found Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra positivity was not independently asso…
A global study finds that sputum quality doesn't significantly affect the accuracy of a common TB test, with high sensitivity and specificit…
medRxiv Apr 5, 2026
Updated recommendations issued for tuberculosis prevention, control, and elimination
Pulmonology & Critical Care
Updated recommendations issued for tuberculosis prevention, control, and elimination Health officials release updated recommendations for tuberculosis prevention and control
A public health program has released updated recommendations for tuberculosis prevention, control, and elimination.
Health officials released updated recommendations to guide tuberculosis prevention and control efforts.
CDC Apr 5, 2026
Report describes tuberculosis-related practices among US health care providers
Infectious Disease
Report describes tuberculosis-related practices among US health care providers Report examines tuberculosis-related practices among U.S. health care providers
A non-research report describes tuberculosis-related practices among health care providers in the United States.
A new report describes tuberculosis-related practices among health care providers in the United States.
CDC Apr 5, 2026
Three Cases of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Identified Among Ohio Food Processing Workers
Pulmonology & Critical Care
Three Cases of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Identified Among Ohio Food Processing Workers Three workers at Ohio food plants have drug-resistant tuberculosis. What does this mean?
A field investigation report describes a case series of 3 workers at two Ohio food processing facilities diagnosed with multidrug-resistant …
Three Ohio food plant workers have drug-resistant tuberculosis, a hard-to-treat infection that requires more investigation to understand the…
CDC Apr 5, 2026
Outbreak report describes multidrug-resistant tuberculosis cases in Kansas
Infectious Disease
Outbreak report describes multidrug-resistant tuberculosis cases in Kansas Health officials report multidrug-resistant tuberculosis outbreak in Kansas
An outbreak report describes cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Kansas.
Kansas health officials report an outbreak of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis that does not respond to common antibiotics.
CDC Apr 5, 2026

Questions about Tuberculosis

What factors help differentiate non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease from tuberculosis in patients?

NTM lung disease is more likely in older patients with bronchiectasis, COPD, or diabetes, and often shows thin-walled cavities on CT; TB-IGRA is usually negative in NTM.

Full answer →