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Home › Conditions › Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis

Subtypes of Tuberculosis

Pulmonary Tuberculosis 8 Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis 7 Rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis 4 Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection 3 Tuberculous meningitis 3 Latent Tuberculosis Infection 2 Bone tuberculosis 1 Cerebral tuberculosis 1 Lymph node tuberculosis 1 Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis 1 Post-tuberculosis lung disease 1 Renal Tuberculosis 1 Spinal Tuberculosis 1 Extrapulmonary tuberculosis 0 Meningeal Tuberculosis 0 Tuberculous psoas abscesses 0 Tuberculous serous effusions 0

79 published articles · Updated continuously

Clinical Trial Landscape

Clinical Trials for Tuberculosis

108 trials tracked for Tuberculosis: 19 in phase 3 or 4 and 10 with published results. The most-cited published study has 579 citations.

108Trials tracked
19Phase 3 & 4
0Recruiting
10With published results
Phase distribution
Phase 4 12 Phase 3 7 Phase 2 41 Phase 1 15 Other / NA 33
  1. Phase 3 Various Doses and Durations of Linezolid Plus Bedaquiline & Pretomanid in Participants With Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Completed · 579 cited
  2. Phase 3 Brief Rifapentine-Isoniazid Evaluation for TB Prevention (BRIEF TB) Completed · 371 cited
  3. Phase 4 Study of Limited Versus Continuous Isoniazid Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy in HIV-infected Persons in Botswana Completed · 357 cited
  4. Phase 4 Evaluating the Safety of Immediate Versus Deferred Isoniazid Preventive Therapy Among HIV-Infected Pregnant Women Completed · 122 cited
  5. Phase 4 Wirelessly Observed Therapy in Comparison to Directly Observed Therapy for the Treatment of Tuberculosis Completed · 93 cited
  6. Phase 3 Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of BPaMZ in Drug-Sensitive (DS-TB) Adult Patients and Drug-Resistant (DR-TB) Adult Patients Completed · 56 cited
Show 44 more trials
  1. Phase 3 TBTC Study 31: Rifapentine-containing Tuberculosis Treatment Shortening Regimens Completed · 28 cited
  2. Phase 4 Effect of Weight and/or Obesity on Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim Concentrations Completed · 15 cited
  3. Phase 4 Alcohol Drinkers' Exposure to Preventive Therapy for TB (ADEPTT) Completed · 11 cited
  4. Phase 4 Ultra Curto (Ultra Short) TB Prevention Therapy Completed · 1 cited
  5. Phase 4 Effect of Weight and/or Obesity on Dapsone Drug Concentrations Completed
  6. Phase 4 Rifampin and the Contraceptive Implant Completed
  7. Phase 4 Immediate Versus Deferred Start of Anti-HIV Therapy in HIV-Infected Adults Being Treated for Tuberculosis Completed
  8. Phase 4 Xpert MTB/Rif, a New Tool for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Two Municipalities in Brazil Completed
  9. Phase 4 Effect of Weight and/or Obesity on Ethambutol Drug Concentrations Completed
  10. Phase 4 Tuberculosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Immune Reconstitution Syndrome Trial (THIRST) Completed
  11. Phase 3 Three Months of Weekly Rifapentine and Isoniazid for M. Tuberculosis Infection Completed
  12. Phase 3 Tuberculosis Treatment Shortening Trial Completed
  13. Phase 3 Treatment of Latent TB Infection for Jailed Persons Completed
  14. Phase 2 Safety and Immunogenicity of a Candidate Tuberculosis (TB) Vaccine in Healthy HIV Negative Adolescents Completed
  15. Phase 2 DAR-901 TB Booster Vaccine to Prevent TB in Adolescents Completed
  16. Phase 2 Safety and Immunogenicity of AERAS-402 in HIV-infected, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-Vaccinated Adults Completed
  17. Phase 2 Statin Adjunctive Therapy for TB Completed
  18. Phase 2 Safety and Immunogenicity Study of GSK Biologicals Tuberculosis Vaccines (692342) to Healthy Adults Completed
  19. Phase 2 Evaluating PK, Tolerability, and Safety of Rifapentine and Isoniazid in Pregnant and Postpartum Women Completed
  20. Phase 2 Infant TB Infection Prevention Study Completed
  21. Phase 2 Standard Versus Double Dose Dolutegravir in Patients With HIV-associated Tuberculosis Completed
  22. Phase 2 A Study of MVA85A in Healthy Infants Completed
  23. Phase 2 Early Bactericidal Activity of Linezolid, Gatifloxacin, Levofloxacin, Isoniazid (INH) and Moxifloxacin in HIV Negative Adults With Initial Episodes of Sputum Smear-Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Completed
  24. Phase 2 Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) Biologicals' Candidate Tuberculosis (TB) Vaccine in Adults Completed
  25. Phase 2 Essentiality of INH in TB Therapy Completed
  26. Phase 2 Phase IIa Clinical Study of Recombinant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Allergen ESAT6-CFP10 Completed
  27. Phase 2 Safety and Immunogenicity of 2 Formulations of Tuberculosis Vaccine GSK692342 Given at 0,1 Months to Healthy Adults Completed
  28. Phase 2 Safety and Immunogenicity Study of a Candidate Tuberculosis Vaccine in Healthy Infants Completed
  29. Phase 2 Trial of High-Dose Rifampin in Patients With TB Completed
  30. Phase 2 Evaluation of Safety, Immunogenicity, and Prevention of TB With AERAS-404 and BCG Revaccination in Healthy Adolescents Completed
  31. Phase 2 Safety and Immunogenicity Study of a Candidate Tuberculosis Vaccine in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Positive Adults Completed
  32. Phase 2 Metronidazole for Pulmonary Tuberculosis (South Korea) Completed
  33. Phase 2 An Early Bactericidal Activity, Safety and Tolerability of GSK3036656 in Subjects With Drug-sensitive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Completed
  34. Phase 2 Efficacy Against TB Disease, Safety, and Immunogenicity of MVA85A/AERAS-485 in HIV-Infected Adults (C-030-485) Completed
  35. Phase 2 PK Study of Rifampicin Interactions With DMPA and Efavirenz in TB Completed
  36. Phase 2 Linezolid Dosing Strategies in Drug-Resistant TB Completed
  37. Phase 2 TMC207-TiDP13-C208: Anti-bacterial Activity, Safety, and Tolerability of TMC207 in Participants With Multi-drug Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Completed
  38. Phase 2 A Clinical Trial of the Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Hematologic Effects of Imatinib on Myelopoiesis in Adults When Given With and Without Isoniazid and Rifabutin Completed
  39. Phase 2 Study of AERAS-402 in Healthy Infants Completed
  40. Phase 2 High-Dose Isoniazid Among Adult Patients With Different Genetic Variants of INH-Resistant Tuberculosis (TB) Completed
  41. Phase 2 Pharmacokinetic Study to Evaluate Double-Dose Levonorgestrel Emergency Contraception in Combination With Efavirenz-Based Antiretroviral Therapy or Rifampicin-Containing Anti-Tuberculosis Therapy Completed
  42. Phase 2 Effects of Interferon-Gamma on Cavitary Pulmonary Tuberculosis in the Lungs Completed
  43. Phase 2 Moxifloxacin As Part of a Multi-Drug Regimen For Tuberculosis Completed
  44. Phase 2 A Phase 2 to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Combinations of Bedaquiline, Moxifloxacin, PA-824 and Pyrazinamide in Adult Subjects With Drug-Sensitive or Multi Drug-Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Completed

Showing the 50 most-cited and recently-updated of 108 trials. Browse the full registry →

Trial data sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. Counts describe the research landscape and are not a treatment recommendation. Informational only — not medical advice.

What the trials found Updated — new results For clinicians

Tuberculosis: what the trials found

Isoniazid (INH) is a cornerstone of tuberculosis (TB) preventive therapy. In a large phase 4 trial, INH was associated with a cumulative incidence of grade 3/4 hepatotoxicity of 8.3% 8. Adherence to INH was suboptimal in 31.3% of participants, though self-reported days of intake were high (30/30 days) 8. Another trial found no significant difference in TB treatment completion rates in prison with INH (p=0.08) 4. In pregnant women, INH did not significantly increase fetal death (p=0.093) or prematurity (p=0.288) compared to control 5. A phase 3 trial showed that once-weekly rifapentine (RPT) plus INH for 3 months reduced the cumulative rate of culture-confirmed TB disease at 33 months (0.43% vs 0.19%) 20. A phase 4 trial of rifapentine 600 mg plus INH 300 mg found a trend toward higher treatment completion (>90% adherence) but did not reach significance (p=0.07) 9. Rifampin 600 mg was also studied in a small phase 4 trial 10.

Xpert MTB/Rif, a molecular diagnostic test, significantly increased TB notification rates (notification rate ratio 48.7 vs 30.5, p<0.01) 12. However, it did not significantly affect non-laboratory tested TB (p=0.923) and paradoxically increased negative-laboratory TB notifications (p=0.004) 12. In drug-sensitive TB, a phase 3 trial of pretomanid-containing regimens showed significantly higher culture-negative status by 8 weeks (p<0.001) 18, but rates of unfavorable outcomes (bacteriologic failure, relapse, clinical failure) at 52 weeks were similar across arms 18. Another phase 3 trial of pretomanid also reported comparable unfavorable outcomes at 26 and 78 weeks 16. A phase 3 trial of rifapentine-containing regimens showed a borderline significant difference in grade 3+ adverse events (p=0.05) and faster decline of sputum viable bacilli 19.

Digital health feedback systems improved witnessed doses (92.9% vs 63.1%) in a phase 4 trial 6. In HIV-associated TB, immediate ART did not significantly improve survival without AIDS progression (p=0.45) 14. Fixed-dose combination zidovudine/lamivudine/abacavir achieved HIV RNA <400 copies/ml in 26/31 evaluable patients 15. Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim 7 and dapsone 11 were studied in small phase 4 trials. Ethambutol was associated with fewer bacteriologic/clinical relapses at 30 months (3 vs 13) in a phase 3 trial 22, but another small phase 4 trial 13 did not report comparative outcomes.

Recent results — preliminary, needs further review

  • A recent phase 2 trial of linezolid 600 mg showed a trend toward improved time to 26-week stable culture conversion (p=0.0546) but no significant differences in permanent discontinuation of anti-TB drugs (p=0.58) or linezolid specifically (p=0.82) 2.
  • A large recent trial of choice architecture interventions to increase TB preventive therapy (TPT) initiation in HIV patients found modest improvements: among patients newly starting ART, TPT initiation within 90 days was 70.1% vs 71.5% (not tested for significance); among established ART patients, TPT initiation was 2.1% vs 5.2%; and among TPT-eligible new ART patients, 77.3% vs 78.3% 3.

For the clinician treating this condition

  • Isoniazid remains effective for TB prevention but requires monitoring for hepatotoxicity and adherence support.
  • Rifapentine-based short-course regimens (e.g., once-weekly INH/RPT for 3 months) reduce TB disease incidence and may improve completion.
  • Xpert MTB/Rif increases TB case detection, but its impact on overall notification rates may be offset by increased negative laboratory notifications.

AI synthesis of 19 cited trials, updated Jun 22, 2026. Informational only — not medical advice; trial data sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. How we use AI.

Tuberculosis: current evidence & treatments

Digital health interventions, particularly video observed therapy, improve treatment success and adherence in adults with tuberculosis compared to directly observed therapy (RR 1.18; 95% CI 1.02-1.37) 1. For drug-resistant tuberculosis, linezolid-containing regimens reduce unfavorable outcomes (RD -0.150; 95% CI -0.211 to -0.089) and increase sputum culture conversion (RD 0.047; 95% CI 0.003 to 0.092) 11. The BPaLM regimen for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis with cerebral or bone involvement shows mixed outcomes, with one patient completing treatment without relapse at 1 year and another discontinuing due to adverse events 7.

Comorbidities significantly influence tuberculosis outcomes. People living with HIV have reduced odds of post-tuberculosis lung disease (OR 0.68; 95% CI 0.52-0.89), while undernutrition increases odds (OR 1.99; 95% CI 1.02-3.87) 3. Diabetes is associated with impaired immune control of tuberculosis pathogenesis 21. In HIV-related sepsis, immediate antituberculosis therapy did not reduce mortality compared to waiting for diagnosis 4. Tuberculosis prevalence is higher among people living with HIV in Africa 22.

Diagnostic tools show variable accuracy. MiniDock MTB on sputum swabs has high specificity (96.8%-98.8%) and good agreement with Xpert (Kappa 0.84) [12,14]. Digital chest radiography with computer-aided detection has variable sensitivity for asymptomatic tuberculosis 13. Tongue swab testing with Xpert Ultra shows promise in adolescents 18. Multiplex PCR assays achieve 100% sensitivity and specificity for MTBc detection 20. A 3D ResNeXt classifier on CT imaging distinguishes nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease from pulmonary tuberculosis with AUC 0.89 25.

Key drugs in the evidence

rifampin 4 Isoniazid 3 rifampicin 2 ethambutol 2 amikacin 1 pyridoxine 1 carboplatin 1 clofazimine 1 tigecycline 1 pyrazinamide 1

Latest findings

AI-generated synthesis of 14 cited studies, updated Jun 12, 2026. How we use AI.

HCP Mode — summaries include clinical detail, trial data, and statistical outcomes.
Patient Mode — summaries use plain language, avoiding clinical jargon.
Pilot project describes TB contact management in Ugandan households without reported outcomes
Pulmonology & Critical Care
Pilot project describes TB contact management in Ugandan households without reported outcomes Pilot project in Uganda manages TB risk among household contacts
A pilot project report describes case finding and comprehensive management of household contacts of people with pulmonary TB in Uganda.
A pilot project in Uganda manages tuberculosis risk for household contacts of people living with TB.
CDC Apr 3, 2026
U.S. TB Incidence Increased in 2022, With Ongoing Racial and Ethnic Disparities
Pulmonology & Critical Care
U.S. TB Incidence Increased in 2022, With Ongoing Racial and Ethnic Disparities Why is tuberculosis rising again in the United States?
A U.S. surveillance report indicates an increase in tuberculosis incidence during 2022.
Tuberculosis cases rose again in the United States in 2022, and the problem continues to hit certain racial and ethnic communities hardest.
CDC Apr 3, 2026
Surveillance report updates tuberculosis elimination progress and program performance in the United States from 2016 to 2022
Pulmonology & Critical Care
Surveillance report updates tuberculosis elimination progress and program performance in the United States from 2016 to 2022 How is the U.S. doing in its fight against tuberculosis?
A surveillance report provides an update on progress toward tuberculosis elimination and tuberculosis program performance in the United Stat…
A new report updates progress on eliminating tuberculosis in the United States from 2016 to 2022, showing how the fight is going.
CDC Apr 3, 2026
Tuberculosis Cases Increased in the United States During 2023
Pulmonology & Critical Care
Tuberculosis Cases Increased in the United States During 2023 Tuberculosis Cases Increased in the United States During 2023
A report indicates tuberculosis cases increased in the United States across all age groups in 2023.
Tuberculosis cases in the United States increased during 2023 across all age groups, signaling a trend public health officials are monitorin…
CDC Apr 3, 2026
CureTB program evaluated continuity of care for tuberculosis patients relocating internationally
Pulmonology & Critical Care
CureTB program evaluated continuity of care for tuberculosis patients relocating internationally Program evaluated continuity of care for tuberculosis patients moving between countries
A program evaluation assessed the CureTB continuity of care initiative for tuberculosis patients relocating to other countries from 2016-202…
The CureTB program helped tuberculosis patients keep their treatment going when moving between countries from 2016 to 2023.
CDC Apr 3, 2026
CDC recommends approaches to maintain tuberculin skin testing during expected Aplisol shortage
Dermatology
CDC recommends approaches to maintain tuberculin skin testing during expected Aplisol shortage CDC issues guidance during expected shortage of tuberculosis skin test antigen
The CDC has issued recommendations for maintaining tuberculin skin testing capability during an expected shortage of Aplisol.
Health officials warn of an expected shortage of Aplisol, a key ingredient for tuberculosis skin tests, and are releasing guidance to keep c…
CDC Apr 2, 2026
Potential drug interactions did not affect rifampin TB prevention completion or adverse events
Infectious Disease RCT
Potential drug interactions did not affect rifampin TB prevention completion or adverse events Do drug interactions make tuberculosis prevention harder to finish?
A secondary analysis of 1368 participants in a rifampin TPT trial found no difference in treatment completion or adverse events between thos…
Tuberculosis prevention treatment works safely with other drugs, but patients taking them face more unscheduled doctor visits during the cou…
Mar 30, 2026

Questions about Tuberculosis

What factors help differentiate non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease from tuberculosis in patients?

NTM lung disease is more likely in older patients with bronchiectasis, COPD, or diabetes, and often shows thin-walled cavities on CT; TB-IGRA is usually negative in NTM.

Full answer →