How many clinical trials are tracked for Tuberculosis?

108 trials are tracked, 10 with published results.

Tuberculosis Research

Tuberculosis: what the trials found

Isoniazid (INH) is a cornerstone of tuberculosis (TB) preventive therapy. In a large phase 4 trial, INH was associated with a cumulative incidence of grade 3/4 hepatotoxicity of 8.3% ⁸. Adherence to INH was suboptimal in 31.3% of participants, though self-reported days of intake were high (30/30 days) ⁸. Another trial found no significant difference in TB treatment completion rates in prison with INH (p=0.08) ⁴. In pregnant women, INH did not significantly increase fetal death (p=0.093) or prematurity (p=0.288) compared to control ⁵. A phase 3 trial showed that once-weekly rifapentine (RPT) plus INH for 3 months reduced the cumulative rate of culture-confirmed TB disease at 33 months (0.43% vs 0.19%) ²⁰. A phase 4 trial of rifapentine 600 mg plus INH 300 mg found a trend toward higher treatment completion (>90% adherence) but did not reach significance (p=0.07) ⁹. Rifampin 600 mg was also studied in a small phase 4 trial ¹⁰.

Xpert MTB/Rif, a molecular diagnostic test, significantly increased TB notification rates (notification rate ratio 48.7 vs 30.5, p<0.01) ¹². However, it did not significantly affect non-laboratory tested TB (p=0.923) and paradoxically increased negative-laboratory TB notifications (p=0.004) ¹². In drug-sensitive TB, a phase 3 trial of pretomanid-containing regimens showed significantly higher culture-negative status by 8 weeks (p<0.001) ¹⁸, but rates of unfavorable outcomes (bacteriologic failure, relapse, clinical failure) at 52 weeks were similar across arms ¹⁸. Another phase 3 trial of pretomanid also reported comparable unfavorable outcomes at 26 and 78 weeks ¹⁶. A phase 3 trial of rifapentine-containing regimens showed a borderline significant difference in grade 3+ adverse events (p=0.05) and faster decline of sputum viable bacilli ¹⁹.

Digital health feedback systems improved witnessed doses (92.9% vs 63.1%) in a phase 4 trial ⁶. In HIV-associated TB, immediate ART did not significantly improve survival without AIDS progression (p=0.45) ¹⁴. Fixed-dose combination zidovudine/lamivudine/abacavir achieved HIV RNA <400 copies/ml in 26/31 evaluable patients ¹⁵. Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim ⁷ and dapsone ¹¹ were studied in small phase 4 trials. Ethambutol was associated with fewer bacteriologic/clinical relapses at 30 months (3 vs 13) in a phase 3 trial ²², but another small phase 4 trial ¹³ did not report comparative outcomes.

Recent results — preliminary, needs further review

A recent phase 2 trial of linezolid 600 mg showed a trend toward improved time to 26-week stable culture conversion (p=0.0546) but no significant differences in permanent discontinuation of anti-TB drugs (p=0.58) or linezolid specifically (p=0.82) ².
A large recent trial of choice architecture interventions to increase TB preventive therapy (TPT) initiation in HIV patients found modest improvements: among patients newly starting ART, TPT initiation within 90 days was 70.1% vs 71.5% (not tested for significance); among established ART patients, TPT initiation was 2.1% vs 5.2%; and among TPT-eligible new ART patients, 77.3% vs 78.3% ³.

For the clinician treating this condition

Isoniazid remains effective for TB prevention but requires monitoring for hepatotoxicity and adherence support.
Rifapentine-based short-course regimens (e.g., once-weekly INH/RPT for 3 months) reduce TB disease incidence and may improve completion.
Xpert MTB/Rif increases TB case detection, but its impact on overall notification rates may be offset by increased negative laboratory notifications.

AI synthesis of 19 cited trials, updated Jun 22, 2026. Informational only — not medical advice; trial data sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. How we use AI.

Tuberculosis: current evidence & treatments

Digital health interventions, particularly video observed therapy, improve treatment success and adherence in adults with tuberculosis compared to directly observed therapy (RR 1.18; 95% CI 1.02-1.37) ¹. For drug-resistant tuberculosis, linezolid-containing regimens reduce unfavorable outcomes (RD -0.150; 95% CI -0.211 to -0.089) and increase sputum culture conversion (RD 0.047; 95% CI 0.003 to 0.092) ¹¹. The BPaLM regimen for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis with cerebral or bone involvement shows mixed outcomes, with one patient completing treatment without relapse at 1 year and another discontinuing due to adverse events ⁷.

Comorbidities significantly influence tuberculosis outcomes. People living with HIV have reduced odds of post-tuberculosis lung disease (OR 0.68; 95% CI 0.52-0.89), while undernutrition increases odds (OR 1.99; 95% CI 1.02-3.87) ³. Diabetes is associated with impaired immune control of tuberculosis pathogenesis ²¹. In HIV-related sepsis, immediate antituberculosis therapy did not reduce mortality compared to waiting for diagnosis ⁴. Tuberculosis prevalence is higher among people living with HIV in Africa ²².

Diagnostic tools show variable accuracy. MiniDock MTB on sputum swabs has high specificity (96.8%-98.8%) and good agreement with Xpert (Kappa 0.84) [12,14]. Digital chest radiography with computer-aided detection has variable sensitivity for asymptomatic tuberculosis ¹³. Tongue swab testing with Xpert Ultra shows promise in adolescents ¹⁸. Multiplex PCR assays achieve 100% sensitivity and specificity for MTBc detection ²⁰. A 3D ResNeXt classifier on CT imaging distinguishes nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease from pulmonary tuberculosis with AUC 0.89 ²⁵.

Video observed therapy improves treatment success compared to directly observed therapy ¹.

Linezolid-containing regimens reduce unfavorable outcomes in multidrug/rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis ¹¹.

HIV is associated with lower odds of post-tuberculosis lung disease, while undernutrition increases risk ³.

MiniDock MTB test shows high specificity (96.8%-98.8%) for tuberculosis detection [12,14].

AI/ML models for predicting tuberculosis treatment failure have pooled AUC 0.836, with lower performance in HIV-positive individuals ²³.

AI-generated synthesis of 14 cited studies, updated Jun 12, 2026. How we use AI.

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Questions about Tuberculosis

What factors help differentiate non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease from tuberculosis in patients?

NTM lung disease is more likely in older patients with bronchiectasis, COPD, or diabetes, and often shows thin-walled cavities on CT; TB-IGRA is usually negative in NTM.

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Tuberculosis

Subtypes of Tuberculosis

Clinical Trials for Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis: what the trials found

Recent results — preliminary, needs further review

For the clinician treating this condition

Tuberculosis: current evidence & treatments

Key drugs in the evidence

Latest findings

Questions about Tuberculosis